The Theory and Application of Colloidal Behavior: Contributed by the Foremost Authorities in Each Division of the Subject, Volume 1Robert Herman Bogue McGraw-Hill Book Company, Incorporated, 1924 |
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action active adsorbed adsorption agglutination alcohol alkali amount anion aqueous solution atoms benzol carbon casein catalytic cells cent centimeter charge Chem chemical coagulation cohesion collodion colloid chemistry colloidal behavior colloidal particles colloidal solution Completely flocculated crystalloidal curve determined diffusion dilute Donnan Donnan equilibrium double layer drops effect egg albumin electrical electrolyte emulsions enzyme equation equilibrium euglobulin ferric oxide sol film flocculated Freundlich gelatin gelatin chloride gelatin solution Harkins heat hemoglobin hydroxide increase interface isoelectric point jelly liquid LOEB measurements membrane micelles molecular molecules mutual precipitation negative nickel obtained orientation osmotic pressure peptizing Phys physik Physiol platinum polar potential protective colloid protein protein solution ratio reaction salt saturated sensitivity serum silicic acid soap sodium chloride sodium oleate solid solubility stability substances sulfide surface energy surface tension suspension swelling Table tannin temperature theory tion valency vapor viscosity
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Page 150 - If the stray field of a molecule, that is of a complex of these atomic systems, be unsymmetrical, the surface layer of fluids and solids, which are close-packed states of matter, must differ from the interior mass in the orientation of the axes of the fields with respect to the normal to the surface, and so form a skin on the surface of a pure substance having all the molecules oriented in the same way instead of purely in random ways.
Page 24 - ... gelatine, vegetable and animal extractive matters. Low diffusibility is not the only property which the bodies last enumerated possess in common. They are distinguished by the gelatinous character of their hydrates. Although often largely...
Page 155 - ... we suppose the structure of the surface of a liquid to be at first the same as that of the interior of the liquid, then the actual surface is always formed by the orientation of the least active portion of the molecule toward the vapor phase, AND AT ANY SURFACE OR INTERFACE THE CHANGE WHICH OCCURS IS SUCH AS TO MAKE THE TRANSITION TO THE ADJACENT PHASE LESS ABRUPT.
Page 151 - The surface energy of a liquid is thus not a property of the group molecules, but depends only on the least active portions of the molecules and on the manner in which these are able to arrange themselves in the surface layer. "In liquid hydrocarbons of the paraffin series the molecules arrange themselves so that the methyl groups (CH3) at the ends of the hydrocarbon chains form the surface layer.
Page 150 - ... matter, must differ from the interior mass in the orientation of the axes of the fields with respect to the normal to the surface, and so form a skin on the surface of a pure substance having all the molecules oriented in the same way instead of purely in random ways. The result would be the polarisation of the surface, and the surface of two different fluids would attract or repel one another according to the sign of their surfaces.
Page 24 - ... colloidal condition of matter. Opposed to the colloidal is the crystalline condition. Substances affecting the latter form will be classed as crystalloids. The distinction is no doubt one of intimate molecular constitution.
Page 2 - When equilibrium is established, if a small virtual change is made reversibly at constant temperature and volume, the free energy will remain unchanged; that is, no work will be done. The change here considered is the transfer of dn mols of Na+ and Cl
Page 197 - OH, while the interior consists of the long hydrocarbon chains. The size of the colloidal particles is determined by the difference in size between the two ends of the molecules just as the size of an arch is dependent upon the relative sizes of the two ends of the stones of which the arch is constructed.
Page 24 - Although often largely soluble in water, they are held in solution by a most feeble force. They appear singularly inert in the capacity of acids and bases, and in all the ordinary chemical relations. But, on the other hand, their peculiar physical aggregation, with the chemical indifference referred to, appears to be required in substances that can intervene in the organic processes of life.
Page 206 - ... the density of energy had the same uniform value quite up to that surface which it has at a sensible distance from it.