Treatise on HeatLongman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, 1833 - 429 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
absorbed atmospheric air atmospheric pressure ature become boiling point boiling water bulb bulk calorimeter cause change of temperature chemical cold colour combination combustion compression condensation congelation considerable contained contraction cooling cylinder Dalton degree density determined dilatation dimensions diminished Ditto effect elastic equal evaporation expansion experiments exposed fact filled force freezing mixture freezing point gases glass greater heat necessary imparted inch inches of mercury increase of temperature latent heat length light liquid liquid form luminous manner melting ice mercury metal mixture molecules nitric acid object observed oxygen particles pass perature phenomena phlogiston portion pressure principle process of liquefaction produced proportion quantity of heat radiation raised received reflector rise salt sensible sensible heat snow solidified space specific gravity specific heat steam substances sulphuric acid suppose surface surrounding takes place temper temperature of 32 tension theory thermometer immersed tube undergo vaporisation vapour vessel weight
Popular passages
Page 397 - ... lower temperature, that is, can give an expansive motion to its particles, it is a probable inference that its own particles are possessed of motion; but as there is no change in the position of its parts as long as its temperature is uniform, the motion, if it exist, must be a vibratory or undulatory motion, or a motion of the particles round their axes, or a motion of particles round each other.
Page 403 - It was Newton's opinion that heat consists in a minute vibratory motion of the particles of bodies, and that this motion is communicated through an apparent vacuum by the undulations of an elastic medium, which is also concerned in the phenomena of light. It is easy to imagine that such vibrations may be excited in the component parts of bodies by percussion, by friction, or by the destruction of the equilibrium of cohesion and repulsion, and by a change of the conditions on which it may be restored...
Page 325 - A set of polished fire-irons may remain for a long time in front of a hot fire without receiving from it any increase of temperature beyond that of the chamber, because the heat radiated by the fire is all reflected by the polished surface of the irons, and none of it is absorbed ; but if a set of rough, unpolished irons, were similarly placed, they would become speedily hot, so that they could not be used without inconvenience.
Page 398 - It seems possible to account for all the phenomena of heat, if it be supposed that in solids the particles are in a constant state of vibratory motion, the particles of the hottest bodies moving with the greatest velocity and through the greatest space ; that in...
Page 397 - The immediate cause of the phenomena of heat then is motion, and the laws of its communication are precisely the same, as the laws of the communication of motion.
Page ii - TASTE FOR SCIENCE) ; BUT THE MOST OBVIOUS REMEDY IS TO PROVIDE THE EDUCATED CLASSES WITH A SERIES OF WORKS ON POPULAR AND PRACTICAL SCIENCE, FREED FROM MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS AND TECHNICAL TERMS, WRITTEN IN SIMPLE AND PERSPICUOUS LANGUAGE, AND ILLUSTRATED 11Y FACTS AND ExPERIMENTS WHICH ARE LEVEL TO THE CAPACITY Of ORDINARY MINDS.
Page 352 - When four drams of either of these are put into a phial containing two ounces of sea water, or of pure water holding in solution half a dram of common salt, or two drams of sulphate of magnesia, if the phial be put into a dark place, a luminous ring appears on the surface of the liquid within three days, and the whole liquid, when agitated, becomes luminous, and continues in that state for some time. When these liquids are frozen...
Page 140 - The vessels in which the freezing mixture is made should be very thin, and just large enough to hold it, and the materials should be mixed together as quickly as possible.
Page 398 - Temperature may be conceived to depend upon the velocities of the vibrations; increase of capacity on the motion being performed in greater space; and the diminution of temperature, during the conversion of solids into fluids or gases, may be explained on the idea of the loss of vibratory motion, in consequence of the revolution of particles round their axes, at the moment when the body becomes liquid or aeriform, or from the loss of rapidity of vibration, in consequence of the motion of the particles...
Page 40 - ... intense, the bottom will be forced from the sides, and a crack or flaw will surround that part of the glass by which the sides are united with the bottom. If, however, the glass be previously washed with a little warm water, so that the whole is gradually heated, and, therefore, gradually expanded, then the hot water may be poured in without danger ; because, although the bottom will expand as before, yet the sides also enlarge, and the whole vessel undergoes a similar change of bulk. When the...