combinations of society, which it is the province of the political economist to describe and to develope: but it is at least within the sphere of history to mention the succession of circumstances by which the change manifested itself, and in which its operations were displayed.

May 20, 1826.

CONTENTS.

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

CHAPTER I.

CATHOLIC Association-Prosperous state of Industry and Commerce-Recog-

nition of Mexico, Colombia, and Buenos Ayres-Opening of the Session

of Parliament-King's Speech-Discussion in the House of Lords on the

Address-Speeches of Lords Dudley and Ward, Gort, Lansdown, Liver-

pool, Donoughmore, Roden, and Clifden--Discussion in the House of

Commons on the Address: Lord F. L. Gower, Mr. Alderman Thompson-

Speech of Mr. Brougham; Mr. Canning's Answer to him-Discussion on

the Report of the Address

[1

CHAPTER II.

Catholic Association-Mr. Goulburn's Notice of Motion-Lord Lansdown's

Motion-Motion for leave to bring in a Bill to amend the Acts relating to

unlawful Societies in Ireland-First Night's Debate; Speeches of Mr.

Goulburn, Sir Henry Parnell, Mr. Peel, and Mr. Denman-Second Night's

Debate; Speeches of Mr. Plunkett and Mr. Tierney-Third Night's De-

bate; Mr. North's Speech-Fourth Night's Debate; Mr. Canning's Speech

-Proceedings of the English Catholics-Deputation from the Catholic

Association-Petition of the Catholic Association-Motion that the Asso-

ciation should be heard by their Witnesses and Counsel-Progress of the

Bill in the House of Commons-The Bill passes through the various stages

in the House of Lords-Provisions of the Bill-Subsequent Proceedings

of the Catholics-Plan of a new Catholic Association

CHAPTER III.

[17

State of the Question concerning the Roman Catholic Claims-Scheme of

Measures proposed with respect to these Claims-Motion of Sir Francis

Burdett on the Subject: Debate: Speeches of Mr. Plunkett and Mr. Peel-

Resolutions adopted by the House of Commons-Bill for the Relief of the

Roman Catholics-Frame of the Bill-Its Progress through the House of

Commons-Debates on it-Declaration of the Duke of York on the Sub-

ject-Effect of that Declaration-The Bill passes the House of Commons

-Discussion on it in the House of Lords-It is rejected by the Lords-

Bill for Regulating the Exercise of the Elective Franchise in Ireland-

Resolution for making a public Provision for the Catholic Clergy-State

of the Public Mind concerning the Roman Catholic Question - In-

consistency between the Frame of the Bill and the Principles of its

Supporters

[46

CHAPTER IV.

Committee of the Lords appointed to inquire into the State of Ireland-

Evidence given before the Committee--Subdivision of Farms-Extreme

Poverty of the Peasantry-Their want of Employment-Their absolute

Dependence on their Landlords-The Operation of the Tithe System in

Ireland-Abuse of legal Proceedings-Distraining the growing Crops-

Civil Bill Ejectment-Abuse of the Process of Custodiam and of the Civil

Bill Process-Miscellaneous Topics of Investigation before the Committee

-Motion on the State of Ireland with respect to Religious Animosities-

Misrepresentation of Lord Liverpool's Conduct-Mr. Hume's Motion

against the Irish Church Establishment-State of the Irish Charter

Schools

•

[71

CHAPTER V.

Court of Chancery-Complaints on that subject-Debates on the alleged

Abuses in Chancery, and on the Commission for inquiring into the Practice

of that Court-Regulation of the Salaries of the Judges-Laws relating to

Juries-Bankrupt Law-Law of Factors and Agents-Joint-Stock Com-

panies-Unitarians' Marriage Bill-Usury Laws-Scotch Law Proceed-

ings

[83

CHAPTER VI.

Combination Laws-Mr. Huskisson's Motion for a Committee-Report of
the Committee-Bill founded upon the Report-Debates on the Bill-

Corn Laws-Alterations in our Colonial Policy-Diminution in our pro-

tecting Duties-Measures for the Relief of the Shipping Interest-Sur-

render of the Charter of the Levant Company

CHAPTER VII.

[91

Financial Situation of the Country-Income-Expenditure-Reduction of

Duties on Hemp, Coffee, Wine, British Spirits, Rum, Cider-Diminution

of the Assessed Taxes-Motions for the Repeal or further Diminution of

Taxes negatived
[115

CHAPTER VIII.

Private Bills-Close of the Session of Parliament-King's Speech-Procla-

mation enforcing the Foreign Enlistment Act-Commercial Embarrass-

ments-Failures-Panic in the Money-Market-EAST INDIES-Operations

of Sir Archibald Campbell-His advance towards Prome-Repulse of

General Cotton at Donabew-Return of Sir A. Campbell to Donabew-

Capture of Donabew-Occupation of Prome-Subjugation of Assam and

Arracan-Sir A. Campbell remains in Quarters at Prome-Armistice with

the Burmese-Negotiations

[121

CHAPTER IX.

FRANCE. Opening of the Session of the French Chambers-King's Speech-

The Civil List-The Law for giving a Compensation to Emigrants-The

Law for the future Regulation of the Sinking Fund, and for the Conversion

of the Rentes into Three per Cent Stock, and Four and a Half per Cent

Stock-Partial Success of the Minister in the Conversion of the Rentes-

The Budget-State of the Sinking Fund-Law of Sacrilege-State of the

Clergy-Unsuccessful Prosecutions of Newspapers-Foreign Policy of the

French Cabinet-Negotiations with Hayti-Ordinance of Recognition;

acceptance of the Ordinance by Hayti-State of Hayti

CHAPTER X.

[134

NETHERLANDS-Inundations-Treaties-Conclusion of the Session of the

States-General-Means taken for the Improvement of Education, and
especially for the Education of the Clergy-Violent Opposition of the

Archbishop of Mechlin and many of the Catholic Clergy-Liberality of

the Catholic Clergy of the Grand-Duchy of Luxemburg-New Duties im-

posed by France on Articles imported from the Netherlands-Opening of

the new Session of the States-General-Financial Embarrassments of the

Dutch possessions in India-Insurrection in Java-SWEDEN-Germany

Prussia-Wurtemberg-Bavaria-Grand Duchy of Baden Switzerland-

Austria; Hungarian Diet - Poland - RUSSIA - Illness of the Emperor

Alexander: his Death: his Character; effects of the Intelligence of that

Event-Oath of Allegiance taken to Constantine: his Renunciation of the

Throne: his adherence to that Renunciation-Accession of Nicholas-

Military Insurrection in St. Petersburg-Alleged Conspiracy-Revolt of

Mouravieff Apostol-Count Nesselrode's Note to the Foreign Ministers

CHAPTER XI.

[148

SPAIN.-Appointment of M. de Zea Bermudez to be Minister-His Disad-

vantages - Dismissal of Ugarte Finances of Spain - Disturbances -

Decrees-Plots of the Priests and of the Ultra-Royalists-Project for

placing Don Carlos on the Throne-Insurrection of Bessieres- His Failure

and Death-Other Plots and Insurrectionary Movements-Institution of

the Consultative Junta-The course of the Administration-Dismissal of

Zea and his Cabinet-The Duke de l' Infantado appointed Minister [166

CHAPTER XII.

PORTUGAL.-Change of Ministry - Recognition of the Independence of

Brazil-Treaty with Brazil Change of Commercial System-BRAZIL-

Executions-The Emperor's Course of Government-The Relations be-

tween Brazil and Peru-Invasion of Chiquitos by Brazilian Troops-The

Emperor's disavowal of this Step-Insurrection of Fructuoso Rivera in the

Banda Oriental-Expedition of Lavalleja-Provisional Government of the

Banda Oriental - Incorporation of the Banda Oriental with the United

Provinces of the Rio de la Plata-Military Successes of the Independents

-Victory of Sarandi-The Emperor's preparations-Blockade of Buenos

Ayres

[174

CHAPTER XIII.

ITALY.-Papal States-Censorship-Carbonari-Naples-New Convention

concerning the Army of Occupation-Miraculous Madonnas-THE IONIAN

ISLANDS: Ecclesiastical Establishment-Abolition of feudal Tenures-

TURKEY-Foreign Relations-Internal Disturbances-GREECE-Suppres-

sion of Colocotroni's Insurrection-Blockade of Patras-Preparations of

the Turks- Disembarkations of the Egyptians-Siege of Navarino

Sphacteria taken-Old Navarino surrenders-Capitulation of Navarino-

Naval success-Recall of Colocotroni-Military Operations in the Morea-

Operations of Redschid Pacha-Naval Skirmishes-Siege of Missolonghi-

Naval Operations-Unsuccessful attempt to burn the Turkish Fleet in the

Port of Alexandria-Insurrection in Candia-Proposal of the Greeks to

place themselves under the Protection of Great Britain

CHAPTER XIV.

[181

UNITED STATES-Election of a President-Mr. Adams chosen by the House

of Representatives--His Inauguration-Discontent in Georgia-Opening of

the Session of Congress-MEXICO--Opening of the Constitutional Federal

Congress-Speech of the President-The Finances-Treaty with Great

Britain-Close of the Session of Congress-Extraordinary Session of the

Congress-Surrender of two Spanish Ships of War-Surrender of the Castle

of Juan de Ulloa-GUATEMALA-Election of a President-Expenditure-

COLOMBIA-PERU-Military Operations-Battle of Ayacucho-Capitula-

tion of Conterac-Resistance of Callao-Olaneta defeated and slain--

Independence of Upper Peru-Conduct of Bolivar-UNITED PROVINCES

of RIO DE LA PLATA-Constituent Congress-Executive Authority-Dis-

turbances at Cordova, Mendoza, and San Juan-Proceedings at Tarija-

Intended General Congress at Panama-Deliberations on that subject-

PARAGUAY-CHILE - Plots-Convention of a Constituent Congress-

Disturbances-State of the Finances
[195