fore transom, with which it is united by means of the perch-bolt S, making the centre of motion for the pole; and the futchel projecting behind the fore transom, as is represented in Nos. 1 and 2, forms a lever R, whose centre of motion is at S. The controling bar is constructed with the end R of the futchel by a pin or bolt fixed in the said bar, at a point equidistant from the extremities thereof. The splinter bar, from which the horses draw, is bolted to the futchel in the usual manner, and braced by iron stays it must be fixed at such a distance from the perch-bolt as to allow full play for the fore wheels at their greatest obliquity. When the horses turn sideways, in order to turn the carriage about, the futchel moves on the perch-bolt S, like a lever upon its centre, and moves the controling bar HB H, No. 2, end ways: this communicates motion to both the stays FF, and. consequently to both the axle arms and fore wheels, so as to put them into an oblique direction in respect to the hind wheels, (see No. 2,) and then the carriage is prepared for turning. If the distance between the two vertical axles E E, No. 2, be made inore by some inches than the distance between the joints H H, at the ends of the controling bar B, as shewn by No. 2; it will occasion the fore wheel which is on the side to which the carriage is intended to turn, to have a greater degree of obliquity than the opposite wheel. This is conducive to quick turning, because the axles of all the four wheels of the carriage become directed to one point O, as is shewn by the dotted lines; but if the length of the controling bar be made equal to the distance between the two vertical axles, then the two fore wheels will always stand parallel to each other. If the controling bar B be curved, so that the joint in the middle of it be removed one or two inches backwards, the futchel will act upon B with VOL. XXXIV.-SECOND SERIES. L longer

longer leverage, and consequently the obliquity of the wheels will be increased beyond the obliquity given to the futchel and pole of the carriage: this will allow the futchel to be made shorter at pleasure than shewn in the plan. The pin which connects the end R of the futchel with the middle of the controling bar B must be fixed into that bar, and must be received in an oblong hole or slit at the end of the futchel, so as to allow the pin a little play in the hole in the direction of the length of the futchel. Instead of the verticle axles, the axle arms may be united to the ends of the fore transom by fixing a strong iron hinge joint K, No. 4, at each end of the fore transom, one part of the joint being bolted to the wood of the transom, and the axle arm being made out of the same piece of the metal as the other part of the hinge joint. The two parts of the hinge joint being well fitted to each other, are united together by a perpendicular pin or bolt 7, which passes through all the knuckles of the said joint. The levers or stays, and controling bar, are the same as to the verticle axles already described.

A carriage, whereof the axletrees of the fore wheels are constructed according to these improvements, will turn within a small compass, and with safety, because the wheels do not materially alter their bearing upon the ground when they are placed in the greatest degree of obliquity. The dimensions and proportions of the parts may be known by the scales attached to the drawings; but these dimensions and proportions may be varied at discretion, without departing from, or altering, the nature of the invention.

In witness whereof, &c.

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