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The Nominative

noun, the Verb precedes;
He most improves, who good instruction heeds.
Possessive† nouns, imply, belonging to,
The Scholar's duty, is the Master's due.

* Nomen, a Name + Possessivus, having possession.
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The noun's Objective* too, will plain appear,
Sands make the mountain, moments make the year;
Nouns follow Verbs in the Objective case,
Hence year and mountain, after make we place.
* Ob. to oppose-jective, jacio, to throw.
ADJECTIVES. (ad, to-jective, jacio, to throw.)

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By ADJECTIVES, we're taught the state, and kind
Of Substantives; in three degrees defin'd:
The Positive* declares (then to begin,)

Good debts, Bad debts become, if not call'd in.

* Pono, to put, or place.

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Comparatives with others are compar'd-
Thus-you are wiser, and the more endear'd;
By most or est Superlativest are seen,-
Thus, fruits most rare, and fields of richest green.

* Comparo, examined with another. + Super. above, latum, carried.

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There's Adjectives of Quality, as sweet;
There's Adjectives of Quantity, as great;
Of Number too, the Cardinal, as three,-
The Ordinal-as bring the third to me.

PRONOUNS. (pro, for; nomen, a name.)

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PRONOUNS, are words that do supply the place
Of Nouns; and have their Gender, Number, Case;
And Person too; of which no doubt you've heard,
I, is the First, You, Second, and He, Third.

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I First, the person speaking do declare,
To You the Second, present thus to hear;
That He, the Third, if (absent he should prove,
And) spoken of. must mention'd be in love.

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Some Pronouns, always Nominative be,

As these, I, Thou, We, She, They, Who, and He;

Objective, Me, Us, Thee, Them, Whom, Him, Her ;

But Ye, You, It, us'd in both cases are.

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Possessive Pronouns us'd, are My or Mine,
Our-ours, Your-yours, Their-theirs, and Thy or thine:
Its-his, Her-hers,--thus followed by a Noun,

We say, Our house, My hat, Your coat, Her gown.

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The Pronouns Relative, are Who and Whom,
These male and female genders do assume:
All persons, and all numbers too, they claim,
But Which, relates to things, all things we name.

* Re, back again-lative, latum, carried.

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This, singular, Demonstrates* near at hand,
That, singular, the farthest to command,
These, plural, present are, or mention'd last;
Those, were the first, and more remotely plac'd.

* Demonstro, to prove.

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ative:+

To Pronouns of third person, also give
Terms, Antecedent*, likewise Relative:
The last to follow and agree in sense
With the preceding, the antecedents.

* Ante, before-cedent, cedo, to give. + Re, back again, atum, carrie

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The Distributive* Adjective's appeal

Is, that Each Parent, and the Country feel,

That Every child, of Either sex should be

So taught, that Neither, know adversity.

* Distribuo, to deal out,

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Pronouns Indefinite,* this verse informs
That Many labour to effect reforms:
Some try the laws, and Others sermons mild,
The best reform, is to INFORM THE CHII.D.

In, not; de, out; finis, the end,

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The One, is cruel, oft, not known till felt;
The Other slow, and None of sure result;
But early precept oft the mind ensures;
All that prevents, excels the certain cures.
VERBS. (verbum, the word.)

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VERB, means a word; the word that doth declare The Being, Doing, Suffring; hence 'tis clear That every sentence must a Verb contain,

Or we shall speak--or, we shall write in vain.

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When Verbs a Subject, and an Object have,
Those Verbs are Active, and call'd Transitive; *
Noah builds the ark, in this example see
The Object, Ark, -the Subject,-Noah must be.

* Transitio, from one to another.

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Verbs Passive suff ring mean, the “ Ark is built The Neuter these, I smile, you weep, he felt: The neuter oft, are call'd Intransitives,†

"You weep," it states-but no instruction gives.

* Intranseo, not passing over.

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With Verbs, Three Persons, in both numbers lie,
I, Thou, He, She, the plural We, Ye, They:
The single Verb, with single Nouns attend,
The Subject plural, plural Verbs are penn'd.

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When Noun, or Pronoun of first person be,
The Verb must harmonize, you'll plainly see;
For is it not absurd to say I learns?
Or in the plural form, exclaim,- We burns ?

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The Second and Third persons also claim,
That you their feelings, will respect the same,
Their numbers to observe, on no pretence
Exclaim they knows, it shocks all common sense.

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The Moods do next demand our notice here,

The manner show, in which the Verbs appear;

The moods are Five, their names I'll quickly give,

And first, I mention the Indicative.†

This Mood we use, when we do simply say,

I learn-You Work, -Girls talk, and Boys love play:

Potential* next. implies the pow'r to do,

I may, and can, this letter write for you.

* Posse, possum; to be able.

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Subjunctive Mood condition's always meant, "If rich be humble, and if poor content."

Imperative†-Commands, -Come hither John:

Infinitive-no limit, thus to run.

* Sub, under: jungo, to join.

+ Impero, to rule over.

In, not: finis, a limit.

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Verbs vary in their Mood, by Tense* controul'd;
Mark, tense means Time, which six divisions hold.
The Present tense declares, that now I write;
The Past was writing, though not finish'd quite.

* Tempus, time, called by some Imperfect; or preterimperfect.

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The Perfect Tense, informs me you have read;
Pluperfect Tense, that you your task had said;
First Future Tense, you will for time to come,
Or shall leave school, to go directly home.

* Preterit. + Preterpluperfect.

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By Second Future Tense, you thus declare,
You shall or will have wash'd, and dress'd with care,
All Lessons learnt, at School, and not repine

To morrow-morn, before the hour of nine.

* Future Perfect,

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Deriv'd from verbs, declin'd like nouns are all
Those kind of words, Participles* we call;
The Passive form, with ed is known to end,
The Active, ing, subjoin'd to verbs doth lend..

Pars, a Part.

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For Verbs Irregular, no rule is seen,
For Am, or Was, -Participle is been :
Winds blow, they blew, till blown, the Vessel's lain
To break,-tis broke, -yes, broken on the main.

ADVERBS.
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ADVERBS, a part of speech you will perceive
Are join'd to Verbs, and oft to Adjectives;
Design'd to mark, the Manner, Place, Degree,
The Time, and often too, the Quality.

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Adverbs from Adjectives, the manner show,
Live honestly,- Walk humbly, quickly go:
Adverbs of Place, are these, Thence, Thither, There,
Here, Where, Nigh, Near, Hence, Hither, Everywhere

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Again, Down, Downward, Farther, Forth, and Far, Off, Out, Up, Upward, all of this class are: Contracted Adverbs differ but in dress,

Come hither, always meaning to this place.

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The Adverbs of Degree, to mark Excess,
Much, More, Most, Very, Too, do well express:
But when Deficiency, we would declare,
The Adjectives Less, Least, the Adverbs are.

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Adverbs of Time, contracted thus, 'tis seen,
Never, at no time, now, at this time mean:
Again, Already, Always, Once, Twice, Late,
Then, Daily, Oft, Immediately, Still, Yet.

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Adverbs of Quality, oft end in ly,
Which to Participles, we do apply;
Also to Adjectives ly we add,
He wrote it badly; for he wrote it bad..