Elements of Chemistry: Including the Applications of the Science in the Arts, Volume 2Hippolyte Baillière, 1858 |
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Common terms and phrases
added alcohol alkaline alloy ammonia anhydrous antimony aqueous arsenic arsenious acid atoms baryta bichloride bismuth blue boiling brown cadmium carbonate of potash carbonate of soda carbonic acid caustic charcoal chloride chromate chromic acid chromium cipitate cobalt colour colourless combines compound containing converted cooling copper crucible crystallises crystals cyanide decomposed decomposition density didymium dilute dissolves double salt dried evaporated excess of ammonia ferric ferrocyanide filter forms fused green hydrated hydrochloric acid hydrogen hydrosulphuric acid ignited insoluble iodide lime liquid magnesia manganese manganous mass mercury metal mixed mixture molybdic neutral nickel nitrate nitric acid obtained oxalate oxide of lead oxygen platinum potassium powder prisms produced protochloride protoxide pure red heat redissolved reduced sal-ammoniac separated sesquichloride sesquioxide silver small quantity sodium soluble in water solution sublimate sulphate sulphide of ammonium sulphuric acid tantalic acid temperature tion titanic acid titanium treated tube tungstic acid uranic vapour washed white precipitate yellow yields zinc
Popular passages
Page 443 - ... by the heat resulting from the friction. In this manner it was found that the heat required to raise the temperature of a pound of water by 1° F; is equivalent to 1034 times the force expended in raising a pound weight one foot high, or to 1034 "foot pounds," as it is technically expressed.
Page 13 - The oxide of manganese is thrown into a flask containing 1£ oz. of strong hydrochloric acid, diluted with £ oz. of water, and a gentle heat applied. The sulphate of iron is gradually added in small quantities to the acid, so as to absorb the chlorine as it is evolved ; and the addition of that salt continued till the liquid, after being heated, gives a blue precipitate with the red prussiate of potash, and has no smell of chlorine, which are indications that the protosulphate of iron is in excess.
Page 621 - The natural excitation of osmose in the substance of the membranes or cell-walls dividing such solutions, seems therefore almost inevitable. In osmose there is, further, a remarkably direct substitution of one of the great forces of nature by its equivalent in another force — the conversion, as it may be said, of chemical affinity into mechanical power. Now what is more wanted in the theory of animal functions than a mechanism...
Page 443 - Joule was led to conclude that the heat required to raise the temperature of a pound of water 1° F.
Page 446 - The quantity of heat capable of increasing the temperature of a pound of water (weighed in vacuo, and taken at between 55° and 60°) by 1° Fahr., requires for its evolution the expenditure of a mechanical force represented by the fall of 772 Ibs. through the space of one foot.
Page 658 - ... with minutely divided platinum. In this way a combination is produced to which I have given the name of platinised charcoal, which possesses the good properties of both of its constituents. In order to platinise charcoal, nothing more is necessary than to boil the charcoal, either in coarse powder or in large pieces, in a solution of bichloride of platinum, and when the charcoal has become thoroughly impregnated with the platinum, which seldom requires more than ten minutes or a quarter of an...
Page 619 - The most general empirical conclusion that can be drawn is, that the water always accumulates on the alkaline or basic side of the membrane. Hence, with an alkaline salt, such as carbonate or phosphate of soda, in the osmometer and water outside, the flow is inwards ; but with an acid in the osmometer, on the contrary, the flow is outwards, or there is negative osmose, the liquid then falling in the tube.
Page 454 - ... work done by the acting forces. This work is partly external to the body, partly internal. To consider first the internal work : When the molecules of a body change their relative positions, the change may take place either in accordance with or in opposition to the action of the molecular forces existing within the body. In the former case, the molecules, during the passage from one state to the other, have a certain velocity imparted to them, which is immediately converted into heat ; in the...
Page 446 - That the quantity of heat produced by the friction of bodies, whether solid or liquid, is always proportional to the force expended.
Page 446 - The mean temperature of the apartment was ascertained by observations made at the beginning, middle, and end of each experiment. Corrections were made for the effects of radiation and conduction; and, in the experiments with water, for the quantities of heat absorbed by the copper vessel and the paddle-wheel. In the experiments with mercury and cast-iron, the heat-capacity of the entire apparatus was ascertained by observing the heating effect which it produced on a known quantity of water in which...