The Ecological Approach to Visual PerceptionThis is a book about how we see: the environment around us (its surfaces, their layout, and their colors and textures); where we are in the environment; whether or not we are moving and, if we are, where we are going; what things are good for; how to do things (to thread a needle or drive an automobile); or why things look as they do. The basic assumption is that vision depends on the eye which is connected to the brain. The author suggests that natural vision depends on the eyes in the head on a body supported by the ground, the brain being only the central organ of a complete visual system. When no constraints are put on the visual system, people look around, walk up to something interesting and move around it so as to see it from all sides, and go from one vista to another. That is natural vision -- and what this book is about. |
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Contents
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
ONE THE ANIMAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT | 7 |
Summary | 15 |
Surfaces and the Ecological Laws of Surfaces | 22 |
The Qualities of Substantial Surfaces | 31 |
The Environment of One Observer and the Environment of All Observers | 43 |
FOUR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STIMULATION | 47 |
Do We Ever See Light as Such? | 54 |
ELEVEN THE DISCOVERY OF THE OCCLUDING EDGE | 189 |
What Is Seen at This Moment from This Position Does Not Comprise What | 195 |
The Puzzle of Egocentric Awareness | 201 |
TWELVE | 203 |
How Does the EyeHead System Work? Outline of a New Theory | 209 |
The Fallacy of the Stimulus Sequence Theory | 219 |
The Control of Locomotion and Manipulation | 225 |
Rules for the Visual Control of Locomotion | 232 |
A Demonstration That the Retinal Image Is Not Necessary for Vision | 61 |
The Intercept Angle | 69 |
Covering Edges | 76 |
How Is Ambient Light Structured? A Theory | 86 |
A Special Case | 92 |
The Optical Information for Perceiving Events | 102 |
The Causation of Events | 109 |
The Specifying of Limb Movements | 120 |
Summary | 126 |
EIGHT THE THEORY OF AFFORDANCES | 127 |
A Recent History | 138 |
Is There Evidence Against the Direct Perception of Surface Layout? | 166 |
The Coperception of Ones Own Movement | 182 |
FOURTEEN | 238 |
Input Processing | 251 |
A New Approach to Knowing | 258 |
PICTURES AND VISUAL AWARENESS | 267 |
A Theory of Drawing and Its Development in the Child | 274 |
What About the Illusion of Reality? The Duality of Picture Perception | 280 |
The Consciousness of the Visual Field | 285 |
Summary | 291 |
A Theory of Filming and FilmEditing | 297 |
CONCLUSION | 303 |
| 313 | |
| 319 | |
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Common terms and phrases
affords ambient array ambient light animals approach assume awareness become begin behavior body called Chapter color comes concept considered consists continuous corresponding course depends DEPICTION depth described direction display distance distinguished drawing earth ecological environment example existence experiments face fact field of view Figure flow geometry Gibson ground hand head hidden horizon human illumination implies invariants kind latter layout limit locomotion looking means medium motion movement moving natural never Note object occluding edge occur opening optic array perceive persistence perspective physical picture point of observation possible progressive projected psychology reference reflectance relative retinal reversible screen seen sensations sense separate shadow shape side sight solid angle sort space specify stimulus structure substances suggest surface terrestrial texture theory things transformation transmitted turning units vision VISUAL PERCEPTION
Bibliographic information
| Title | The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception Resources for ecological psychology |
| Author | James Jerome Gibson |
| Edition | illustrated, reprint, revised |
| Publisher | Psychology Press, 1986 |
| ISBN | 0898599598, 9780898599596 |
| Length | 332 pages |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |