A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and InductiveHarper & brothers, 1867 - 600 pages |
Contents
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Common terms and phrases
abstract affirmed animal antecedent applied Archbishop Whately argument ascer ascertained assertion attributes axioms believe body called carbonic acid cause character circumstances classification coexistence color common conceive conception conclusion connexion connotation consequent considered copula deductive definition denote distinction doctrine Duke of Wellington effect empirical laws equal Ethology evidence example exist experience expression fact fallacy feelings follow genus geometry ground human idea individual induction inference inquiry instance kind knowledge known language laws of causation logic logicians manner mark matter meaning men are mortal mental Method of Agreement Method of Difference mind mode mortal motion objects observation particular peculiar phenomena phenomenon philosophers possess predicate premisses principles produced properties proposition proved quadrupeds question ratiocination reason relation resemblance respecting result scientific sensations sense signification Socrates species substances sufficient supposed supposition syllogism term theory things tion true truth universal universal proposition Whewell word
Popular passages
Page 224 - occasion, completely to accord. The cause, then, philosophically speaking, is the sum total of the conditions, positive and negative, taken together ; the whole of the contingencies of every description, which being realized, the consequent invariably follows. The negative conditions, however, of any phenomenon, a special enumeration of which would generally be very prolix, may be
Page 253 - If two or more instances in which the phenomenon occurs have only one circumstance in common, while two or more instances in which it does not occur have nothing in common save the absence of that circumstance ; the circumstance in which alone the two
Page 208 - induction, while in others, myriads of concurring instances, without a single exception known or presumed, go such a very little way towards establishing an universal proposition ? Whoever can answer this question knows more of the philosophy of logic than the wisest of the ancients, and has solved the great problem of induction.
Page 204 - of nature and the order of the universe : namely, that there are such things in nature as parallel cases ; that what happens once, will, under 'a sufficient degree of similarity of circumstances, happen again, and not only again, but always. This, I say, is an assumption, involved in every case of induction.
Page 130 - When we say, All men are mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is mortal ; it is unanswerably urged by the adversaries of the syllogistic theory, that the proposition, Socrates is mortal, is presupposed in the more general assumption, All men are mortal : that we cannot be assured of the mortality of all men, unless we
Page 221 - concerned in the question. The only notion of a cause, which the theory of induction requires, is such a notion as can be gained from experience. The Law. of Causation, the recognition of which is the main pillar of inductive philosophy, is but the
Page 194 - I. INDUCTION, then, is that operation of the mind, by which we infer that what we know to be true in a particular case or cases, will be true in all cases which resemble the former in certain assignable respects. In other words, Induction is the
Page 143 - of a syllogism, consequently, is a formula of this description : and the conclusion is not an inference drawn from the formula, but an inference drawn according to the formula : the real logical antecedent, or premisses, being the particular facts from which the general proposition was collected by induction. Those facts, and the individual