that party which distinguished them selves by an unvaried opposition to the measures of Government, and were then styled the Patriots. To crush this party required no small degree of resolution and perseverance. The opposition was pertinacious and incessant; every measure proposed by government was certain of being objected to; and resolutions were brought forward more with a view to embarrass the ministry than for the public advantage. In the prosecution of his purpose the lord lieutenant found himself ably seconded by his secretary. Sir George was an active, steady, and successful advocate of the cause of the ministry in the house of commons. By degrees the undertakers lost their influence, and in the same proportion that of the ministry encreased. For three years Sir George remained employed with unremitting attention in the duties of his office; residing mostly in Dublin, and spending in his own country the salary annexed to his office, and his own paternal incomeDuring this time he secured no lucrative situations for himself or his friends, having, on the contrary, waved his claim to a place of £2000 per annum, to accommodate the government. He did not, however, remain unrewarded. On his return to Eng. land he was made a knight of the Bath, and some time afterwards received the appointment of governor and constable of the castle of Toome, in. Ire land, with a salary of £1,300.

Soon after his resignation of the secretaryship of Ireland, he received another public appointment, which if less difficult, was in the end attended with greater danger. At the close of the year 1775, he was nominated governor of the islands of Grenada, the Grenadines and Tobago, and the next year he was raised to the peerage of Ireland, by the title of Lord Macartney, baron of Lissanoure. On his arrival at the seat of his government he found the island distracted by the feuds of two contending factions, the French and the Scotch party, each inveterate against the other. The former consisted of the original inhabitants, the latter of new settlers; their animosities were heightened by religious differences. The French party looked upon the Scotch not only as intruders but as

heretics; the Scotch hated the French because they were Papists. To such a height of mutual irritation had they proceeded, that a plan was formed for the demolition of all the French churches in the island, and it required all the exertions of Lord Macartney to prevent the occurrence of an act so disgraceful. He had at length the satisfaction to find that the measures he adopted for tranquillizing the island were successful. His measures gave general satisfaction, the colony flourished, and the prosperity of individuals kept pace with the public welfare.

To the office of governor was united that of chancellor or supreme judge. In performing the duties of this department his patient attention in investigating the causes brought before him, and the equity of his decisions were applauded by all. He also succeeded in establishing a respectable militia;

arms

were entrusted indiscriminately into the hands of those who had so lately been on the point of mutual destruction, and the state of order and discipline to which he brought this newly formed military body assisted very much in the defence maintained against a very superior French force in the year 1779.

Of this intended attack Lord Macartney had received accurate information some time before. He also knew the importance which the French attached to these islands, and foresaw the benefits about to result to the English, if they were able to maintain the possession; he therefore neglected no precaution to ensure their safety; he raised batteries at the landing places; he was indefatigable in disciplining his little force, which consisted of less than five hundred men, not a fifth part of which were regulars; and sent early notice of the enemy's intention to the com manders of the English squadrons in these parts, endeavouring to impress on them the value of these islands to Great Britain, and the necessity of reinforcements. Having at length received intelligence that the French fleet was preparing to sail for Grenada, he sent again for assistance to General Grant, commanding at St. Lucia, and to Admiral Byron, who commanded the fleet. By the former he was told that he could

not divide his force, or send him a single man; the latter said that he knew St. Vincent's to be the enemy's des tonation; but that if Grenada should be actually attacked, he would certainly come to his assistance. Thus left to his own resources Lord Macart ney did not despond; determined to delay, if not to disappoint the enemy's designs, he resolved, though he could not hope for success, not to yield with out honour.

In the beginning of July, Count D'Estaing appeared before the island, with twenty five ships of the line and twelve frigates, having on board nearly seven thousand land troops, and immediately affected a landing. As soon as his whole force was disembarked, the French commander sent a summons to Lord Macartney, who had retired with his small force to a commanding height over the town, for an unconditional surrender, accompanied with menaces in case of refusal, to which the following laconic but spirited reply was given. "Lord Macartney is ignorant of the Count D'Estaing's force; he knows his own, and will defend the island to the utmost of his power." So small, however, was his power of defence, so totally uprovided of means from within, or hopes from without, that all he could expect was a capitulation on honourable terms. As the enemy advanced he was forced to retire step by step, and at last to throw himself as a last resource, into a small fort. Here the garrison finding resistance hopeless, sent a flag with articles of surrender; these were rejected and others transmitted in their stead, so degrading and uncertain, that not only the governor but all the principal inhabitants who were consulted on the occasion, resolved to surrender at discretion rather than accept of them. In consequence of this resolution, and to avoid the horrors and slaughter of an assault, he was compelled to the hard condition of delivering the island to the enemy unconditionally; but when he found that his being made a prisoner of war was inevitable, he tore The star of the Order of the Bath from his breast, observing "that though he could not prevent his person from falling into the hands of the enemy, he would take care that the ensigns

of his Sovereign's favour should not grace a Frenchman's victory." The place was given up to the soldiers. All the clothes, plate, furniture and papers, both public and private, belonging to Lord Macartney, were taken from him, and no part of them ever returned. The plate was sold by public auction, in the market-place of Gre nada, for the benefit of the French soldiers. Lord Macartney himself_was retused permission to return to England on his parole, and sent a close prisoner to France. The bad treatment he received from the French commander, had no effect on his temper. When Count D'Estaing, the day after the capitulation, sent him an invitation to dinner, instead of betraying any resentment or ill-humour, he returned answer, "that he willingly accepted his invitation, but hoped he would over look the style of his dress, as the French soldiers had made a little free with his ward-robe." They had not left him a second shirt.

The injury suffered in his private fortune, for which it is to be remark. ed he never obtained any compensation, was much augmented by the irreparable loss of his papers. From his first entrance into life, he had been in the habit of committing to paper every thing that occurred worthy of observation: the active life in which he had been engaged rendered these documents highly valuable. All these were lost; and to augment the misfortune, duplicates of those of most importance, which he had the precaution to send to Engiand in the supply store-ship, also perished by that ship taking fire on its passage. His losses at this time, obliged him to dispose of the governorship of Toome for the payment of his creditors.

These losses were in some measure compensated by the expression of public feeling as to his defence of Grenada. By an act of Parlament, an extraordinary indulgence was granted to the island of Grenada, of allowing an importation of its produce to Great Britain, notwithstanding its being in the possession of an host le power; and the ground of this act, as declared in both houses of parlia ment, was the gallant resistance made

tinued, "with the visit and visitor, that I lay in bed great part of the day and formed my plan. I ordered my bedmaker to prepare my fire every evening, in order that it might be lighted by myself. I rose at five, read during the whole of the day, except such hours as chapel and hall required, allotting to each portion of time its peculiar branch of study; and just before closing the gates (nine o clock) I went to a neighbouring coffee-house, where I constantly regaled upon a mutton chop and a dose of milk punch. And thus on taking my bachelor's degree, I became senior wrangler."

Thus fortunately was Dr. Paley

roused to a full exertion of his facalties, before his habits were completely formed; and, to this singular adventure may, perhaps, be attributed, not only his successful labours, as a college tutor, but the invaluable productions of his pen.

NEW MODE OF KILLING.

The following extract of a list of killed and wounded in the battle before Corunna, appeared in a London print. Captain Burrard, killed, Guards; Lieut. Col. Wynch, sever ly. Had it been a skirmish at an Irish fair or a battle between the rival parties of Shanavests and Caravats, we would have been able to understand what is meant by severely killed; but as it appears in a publication of the refined metropolis of Great Britain, we must wait until some of the writers on surgery, gives a definition of this new species of the extinction of animal life.

NEGRO CLEANLINESS.

A mark of cleanliness not much to be expected among a class of men so degraded, is strongly expressed among the Negroes in the West Indies, that of paying great attention to their teeth. The chew-stick which is here employed for cleaning the teeth is far more in use among the negroes, than the tooth-brush among the lower classes of people in England. A Negro has been observed amidst his many gambols in the water, to dive frequently to the bottom of the sea, and bring up a handful of sand. With this rough dentifrice, he soundly scrubbed his teeth, and by way of

essence to wash it off, plunged down for another handful with his mouth wide open; and thus alternately repeat ed the rubbing and sea-water washing, until he found that his pearls were duly contrasted with his ebon countenance.

GIOTTE, THE PAINTER.

Pope Innocent the VIII. having desired to see a specimen of the talents of Giotte, one of the first of the modern Italian painters, this ar tist in imitation of the celebrated

Apelles, sent him an outline in form of a circle, drawn with such freedom as to show the hand of a master and at the same time with such truth, as to give rise to a proverb, tu sei pice ton do qui l'o di Giotte.

INVENTION OF ENGRAVING.

The origin of the art of engraving is attributed to Tomaso Finiguerra, a Florentine goldsmith, who being accustomed to engrave en different metals, for the purpose of inlaying them, occasionally tried the effects of his work by taking off impressions, first on sulphur, and afterwards on paper, by means of a roller, in such a manner that the figures seemed to have been traced with a pen. He however never applied this invention to any other purpose than that of ascertaining the progress of his work; but Baccio Baldini another goldsmith, conceiving that this discovery might be applied to more important purposes, began to engrave on metals, solely with a view of transferring the impressions to paper.

PARIAH ARRACK LIQUOR.

From the juice which exudes from the cocoa-nut trees is produced a liquor which by boiling forms a coarse kind of sugar, by distillation it yields a strong ardent spirit, which being every where sold at a low price constitutes one of the most destructive annoyances to the British soldiers. The name given to this pernicious drink by Europeans, is Pariah Arrack, from the supposition that it is only drank by the Pariahs or outcasts, that have no rank; no Hindoo of any of the four casts, is allowed by his religion to taste any intoxicating liquor; and in general this restriction is only violated by strangers, dancers, players and outcasts.