Engineering Facts and FiguresAndrew Betts Brown A. Fullerton & Company, 1865 |
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Common terms and phrases
4th cut amount applied arrangement axle beam bearings boiler explosions bottom brass bridge bromine cable cast cast-iron cause centre coal compression construction copper Cornish engine corrosion cutter cylinder diameter effect elasticity employed equal evaporation experiments explosion feet fibre fire flange flues force forging friction fuel furnace gauge girder hammer heating surface increased iron latent heat less lime load locomotive machine magnetic material means mechanical Messrs metal millimetres motion nearly ordinary oxide pipe piston plates pozzuolanas practical present pressure principle proportion pump punching quantity rails railway rds cut resistance revolutions per minute riveted sal ammoniac shaft ships solder speed spheres square inch steam boilers steam dome steam engine steam hammer steel strain strength stroke temperature thickness timber tion tons tube tyres valve vessel weight weld Welsh wheels wire rope wrought-iron
Popular passages
Page 96 - ... and the effect of heat on liquids in which there is no dissolved gas may be to decompose them. Considerations such as these led me to try the effect of boiling on an elementary liquid, and bromine occurred as the most promising one to work upon ; as bromine could not be boiled in contact with water, oil, or mercury, the following plan was ultimately devised. A tube, 4 feet long and...
Page 101 - Phosphorus in vapour is changed to allotropic phosphorus, oxygen to ozone, which, according to present experience, may be viewed as allotropic oxygen. There may be many cases where, as with aqueous vapour, a small portion only is decomposed, and this may be so masked by the volume of undecomposed gas as to escape detection ; if, for instance, the vapour of water were incondensable, the fact that a portion of it is decomposed by the electric spark, or ignited platinum would not have been observed....
Page 93 - ... horizontally into a curve. Distilled water, which had been well boiled and cooled under the receiver of an airpump, was poured into this flask so as to fill about onefourth of its capacity. It was then placed under the receiver of an air-pump, and one of the copper wires brought in contact with a metallic plate covering the receiver, the other bent backwards over the neck of the flask, and its end made to rest on the pump plate. By this means, when the terminal wires from a voltaic battery were...
Page 94 - ... indefinitely in the vacuum of a very excellent air-pump. The effect was very curious ; the water did not boil in the ordinary manner, but at intervals a burst of vapour took place, dashing the water against the sides of the flask, some escaping into the receiver. (There was a projection at the central orifice of the pump-plate to prevent this overflow getting into the exhausting tube.) After each sudden burst of vapour, the water became perfectly tranquil, without a symptom of ebullition until...
Page 94 - When the tube had been well washed, distilled water, which had been purged of air as before, was poured into it to the depth of 8 inches, and the rest of the tube filled with olive oil ; when the V was inverted, the open end of the tube was placed in a vessel of olive oil, so that there...
Page 299 - The beam fractured in the preceding experiment was repaired by replacing the broken angle-irons on each side, and putting a patch over the broken plate equal in area to the plate itself.
Page 93 - ... air and boils in the ordinary way. In my experiments on the decomposition of water by heat, I found that with the oxy-hydrogen gas given off from ignited platinum plunged into water, there was always a greater or less quantity of nitrogen mixed ; this I could never entirely get rid of, and I was thus led into a more careful examination of the phenomenon of boiling water, and set before myself this problem — what will be the effect of heat on water perfectly deprived of air or gas ? Two copper...
Page 101 - I do not think they are insuperable, and hope that, in the hands of those who are fortunate enough to have time at their disposal, they may be overcome. To completely isolate a substance from the surrounding air and yet be able to experiment on it, is far more difficult than is generally supposed. The air-pump is but a rude mode for such experiments as are here detailed. Caoutchouc joints are out of the question ; even platinum wires carefully sealed into glass, though, as far as I have been able...
Page 99 - Ruhmkorf coil be taken in the vapour of water for several days, a portion of gas is freed which is pure hydrogen, the oxygen freed being probably changed into ozone, and dissolved by the water in this case, while in the former it combined with the mercury. I have alluded to the eudiometer by which I...
Page 298 - The beam having undergone about half a million changes of load by working continuously for two months night and day, at the rate of about eight changes per minute, without producing any visible alteration, the load was increased from one-fourth to two-sevenths of the statical breakingweight, and the experiments were proceeded with till the number of changes of load reached a million.