The Experimental Study of Gases: An Account of the Experimental Methods Involved in the Determination of the Properties of Gases, and of the More Important Researches Connected with the SubjectMacmillan and Company, limited, 1901 - 323 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
absorbed absorption adjusted allowed apparatus argon atmospheric barometer boiling boiling-point bulb burette calculated calorimeter capillary tube carbon dioxide carbon monoxide closed cock coefficient coil compression condensed connected constant cooled copper correction critical cylinder density determined diameter electrodes employed equation ethylene evaporate exhausted experiments flask fraction fractional distillation gases gasholder gauge glass tube globe grams helium hydrogen introduced junction krypton liquefied liquid air litres Lord Rayleigh lower manometer means measuring metal method millimetres mixture necessary neon nitric oxide nitrogen observed obtained oxide oxygen passing pentoxide of phosphorus piece pipette placed platinum plug potash pump pure quantity of gas Ramsay ratio Rayleigh reagent Regnault removed rubber tube scale screw sealed shown in Fig side-tube small quantity solid solution specific heat spectrum stopcock stopper sulphuric acid surface syphon telescope temperature thermometer tube containing U-tube vacuum-vessel vapour pressure vertical vessel volume weight xenon
Popular passages
Page 172 - On partially liquefying carbonic acid by pressure alone, and gradually raising at the same time the temperature to 88° Fahr., the surface of demarcation between the liquid and gas became fainter, lost its curvature, and at last disappeared. The space was then occupied by a homogeneous fluid, which exhibited, when the pressure was suddenly diminished or the temperature slightly lowered, a peculiar appearance of moving or flickering striae throughout its entire mass.
Page 2 - Avogadro in 1811 sought to explain this and other facts by his famous hypothesis that equal volumes of all gases, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules.
Page 172 - ... curvature, and at last disappeared. The space was then occupied by a homogeneous fluid, which exhibited, when the pressure was suddenly diminished or the temperature slightly lowered, a peculiar appearance of moving or flickering striae throughout its entire mass. At temperatures above 88°...
Page 105 - ... litres consist of a mixture of nitrogen and argon. To absorb the nitrogen contained in this quantity of gas by conversion into nitride, 4 kilograms of magnesium would be required theoretically, but in order to cover loss through leakage and incomplete action, 5 kilograms of the metal are employed. The absorption of the oxygen and nitrogen was conducted in three stages. In the first, the oxygen was removed by means of metallic copper ; in the second, the nitrogen was passed twice over metallic...
Page 197 - ... temperatures. The details of the structure of the apparatus finally employed in liquefying hydrogen are shown in Plate V. ; text-fig. 1 indicates the general arrangement of compressor, &c. The hydrogen from the compressor under a pressure of 200 atmospheres enters the liquefier through the tube, and passes through a coil A, which is cooled to — 80° C. in a mixture of solid carbonic acid and alcohol. It then enters the coil contained in the chamber B, which is continually replenished with liquid...
Page 118 - The globe used is a spherical glass bulb, sealed to a capillary glass stopcock that has been very carefully worked. In order to eliminate errors due to changes in the atmospheric temperature and pressure, and consequently to change in the buoyancy of the globe, a closed bulb having the same external volume as the density globe is used as a counterpoise during the weighing. The capacity of the globe is determined at about 16° C.
Page 197 - ID and R and the cock i to the main supply-pipe N. The liquid which separates from the gas is ultimately collected in the vacuum-vessel K, which can easily be removed. In constructing the apparatus the coil D was wound on the thin steel tube c which contains the valve-rod. The latter is screwed at its lower end into a perforated brass cylinder, soldered to the end of c, enclosing the expansion-jet. By turning the milled head a. the width of the annular space between the jet and the end of the valve-rod...
Page 199 - H, but when r is opened the liquid can flow into K, as the gas produced by its evaporation can then escape. The lower part of the tube L is enclosed in a large vacuum-vessel M, which contains a small quantity of liquid air during the experiment; it serves rather to prevent the frosting of the outside of L than to exclude heat.
Page 262 - Heat Capacity The heat capacity of a substance is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of that substance by 1°; the specific heat capacity is the heat capacity on a unit mass basis.
Page 205 - ... that within the regenerator-coil, even very close to the jet, the temperature of the gas does not fall below its critical point or the coil would become filled with liquid, and it appears that this is not the case. Under these conditions a gas is capable of holding a considerable quantity of solids in solution, a phenomenon which has not been fully explained; this may account for the fact mentioned above. Solid impurities do, however, separate from the liquid in the vacuum-vessel H, but as the...