Biennial ReportThe Survey, 1906 |
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Common terms and phrases
Alumina beds brick clays brick plant bricklets were strong brown burned to cone burning tests buttes calcareous carbonaceous carbonaceous clay cent Cone cent of tempering checking clay shale clay was incipiently coal Color Absorption Cone common brick composition Cone 05 Cone 05 Cone contains cracked creek dark degrees F deposits Dickinson dried drift drying exposed Ferric oxide Ferruginous sand fire clay Fire shrinkage Color fused at cone fusibility Geol glacial grains gray clay Heart river heat Hebron impure inches incipiently fused Iron oxide kaolin kaolinite kiln layers light gray light red lignite Lignite seam limonite Loss on ignition Magnesia manufacture material miles mold North Dakota clays outcrops paving brick Pembina Pierre shales pits plastic clays Potash pounds pressed brick refractory river sandstone sandy clay shrinkage Color Absorption Silica slaked stoneware surface temperature tempering water tensile strength valley viscous at cone vitrified at cone ware warped white clay yellow
Popular passages
Page 234 - Clay containing oxide of iron in sufficient quantity to make it partially fusible in the heat required to burn it, when made into forms and burned, is called stoneware clay. The heat is carried far enough to fuse the particles together so that the ware is solid and will not allow water to soak through it; and the fusion has not been carried so far as to alter the shapes of the articles burned. The oxide of iron by the fusion has been combined with the clay, and instead of its characteristic red,...
Page 235 - No. 9 is the analvsis of a remarkably refractory fire-brick of the Cornwall or Devonshire Kaolin. Wagner's Chem. Tech , p. 321. PORCELAIN AND EARTHENWARE CLAY. Clays fit for the manufacture of a high grade porcelain or china are among the rarest clays used. For such purposes, material of the utmost purity is required. The clay should be sufficiently plastic to be readily shaped and handled; when baked it must be pure white, or nearly so, and possess reasonable strength. To give these results it must...
Page 88 - ... 37 Clay, gray, with no sand 2 Lignite 6 Clay, brown at the top, sandy 5 Sand, gray, fine 4 Clay. gray, sandy, containing nodules 15 Sand, finely laminated 4 Clay, gray, sandy, with ferruginous bands 8 Clay, brown, sandy 1 Clay, gray 5 Clay. gray, sandy, containing abundant siliceous and ferruginous nodules, arranged mostly in bands at certain horizons; these hard nodules project from surface of softer clays, and cap small clay columns 25 Sand and clay not well exposed 25 Lignite 21 2 Unexposed...
Page 96 - ... Winnipeg as far as the South Dakota line and bordered on the east and west by land rising 400 to 600 feet above the bottom of the valley. Toward the close of the Glacial Period the great body of water which has been named Lake Agassiz occupied this valley and extended far north into Manitoba, having an area of 110,000 square miles, or more than the combined area of the Great Lakes. The lake came into existence when the continental glacier, during its retreat northward, gradually uncovered the...
Page 97 - ... easily deciphered than that of the Halifax in which the cleavage of the slates is often so much developed as to obliterate nearly all traces of stratification. Traverses made across the series from north to south show a succession of alternating zones of the Halifax and of the Goldenville formations varying in width from a fraction of a mile to several miles. A close study of the structure of these zones shows that the strata are closely folded in a series of long parallel anticlines and synclines,...
Page 301 - ... near the cemetery, as the Menomini do, the Potawatomi seek out a "clean" new place in the woods, orienting the building east and west. The preliminary proceedings with the candidate having lasted the customary three days, on the fourth day he is inducted to the lodge. A specially appointed man sits on the south side, and another on the north side of the door. The south side man opens the meeting with a prayer for the dead, and announces the reason for the assembly. He tells the candidate that...
Page 88 - Gray and yellow, sandy clay 25 25. Brown clay and thin seam of lignite... 1 6 24. Gray and yellow, sandy clays 48 23. Lignite seam 6 22. Soft, fine-grained, argillaceous sandstone 12 21. Brown and gray clay shale containing many selenite crystals 4 20. Soft, fine-grained sandstone 1 19. Lignite seam 1 to 18 18. Chocolate brown clay shale, with carbonized wood 1 17. Bluish gray clay 10 16. Gray sand, cemented in places into soft sandstone 12 15. Not well exposed, but probably clay shale 50 14. Lignite...
Page 267 - Makers of paving brick should assume that their plain wire-cut brick are superior to the repressed brick until they have proven, by careful comparison, under identical tests, that the assumption does not hold good in their case. "If repressing is necessary to meet market conditions, the maker should perform the operation so as to cause a radical breaking up of the auger machine structure, and the production of a new and characteristic structure due to repressing. If this is done, the probabilities...
Page 199 - After deposition the character of the clay is often if not always subject to a modification corresponding to the make-up of the superimposed material. Water percolating through an overlying deposition is almost sure to find some soluble constituent such as lime, iron, or alkalies, which it carries with it till it reaches the underlying clay, where, on account of the compact nature of the deposit, the water passes very slowly and so allows a portion of the elements which it holds in solution to be...
Page 87 - Soft shaly sandstone, gray and bluff, laminated, finegrained; in places forms hard sandstone ledge projecting beyond the softer shales above and below 15 25. Gray and yellow clay shales, with some sandy layers 5 24 Chocolate-brown clay shale, with plant impressions 4 23.