General Chemistry for CollegesCentury Company, 1917 - 662 pages |
Contents
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Common terms and phrases
acetic action active alkali aluminium ammonia ammonium hydroxide amount anhydride aqueous solution arsenic atomic weight barium basic boiling bromide calcium carbon dioxide cent chemical change Chemical Properties chemistry chloric acid cobalt colloidal color colorless combination compounds concentration contains copper crystals cupric decomposed decomposition dilute displaced dissociation dissolved electricity elements equation equilibrium fact ferric ferrous flame formula gases gives H₂ H₂O heat Hence hydrate hydrochloric acid hydrogen chloride hydrogen sulphide hydrogen-ion hydrolyzed insoluble interaction iodide iodine ionic ionized ions iron latter lead liberated liquid magnesium manganese material melts mercury metals mixed mixture molecules negative nitrate nitric acid nitrogen obtained oxide oxygen particles peroxide phosphorus platinum potassium chlorate potassium hydroxide powder precipitate pressure produced proportion pure quantity radicals reaction salts saturated silver sodium hydroxide solid solvent substance sulphate sulphur dioxide sulphuric acid temperature tion trioxide tube unit valence vapor volume zinc
Popular passages
Page 189 - Oj +± 2H2O + 2C12 + 28,000 calories. and in this action raising the temperature drives the equilibrium backwards, and a lowering in the temperature is required to increase the yield of chlorine. The rule is obvious, and applies to all reversible reactions : When the temperature of a system in equilibrium is raised, the equilibrium point is displaced in the direction which absorbs heat.
Page 190 - If some stress (eg, by change of temperature, pressure, or concentration) is brought to bear on a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium is displaced in the direction which tends to undo the effect of the stress. Thus, raising the temperature furthers the change which absorbs heat — and therefore would tend to lower the temperature. Increasing the concentration of the molecules pushes the action in the direction which uses up these very molecules (p.
Page 86 - ... passing from the solid to the liquid, and from the liquid to the gaseous form, or the contrary, occasioning endless vicissitudes of temperature over the globe.
Page 90 - For example, when the temperature of liquid water is raised in the previous case, the motion of its molecules is increased, the rate at which they leave its surface becomes greater, the vapor tension increases, and hence a greater concentration of vapor can be maintained. The system, therefore, quickly reaches a new state of equilibrium at which a higher vapor pressure exists. Avogadro's Hypothesis. — From the previous study we have found that all kinds of molecules possess the same average kinetic...
Page 617 - Permanganic acid is a very active acid. Contrary to the habit of feebly acidic and feebly basic oxides such as those of zinc, aluminum and tin, the basic oxides of manganese are not at all acidic and the acidic oxides, with the possible exception of Mn2O3, are not also basic.
Page 611 - The period of average life is the sum of the separate periods of future existence of all the individual atoms divided by the number in existence at the starting point.
Page 128 - Gas (dissolved), can be reached, naturally, from the other direction, namely by starting with a solution of the gas and a space above the solution containing, at first, none of the gas. The gas leaves the solution until the rates of emission and return become equal. Hence, a gas may be entirely...
Page 121 - ... extremely minute subdivision (down to molecular magnitudes) of the dissolved substance. A solution may be defined as a homogeneous, composite substance whose composition can vary continuously within certain limits which depend upon the particular substance concerned. 58. Solutes and solvents. — a. The word "solution" is used for other systems than those containing a solid body dissolved in a liquid. Thus, liquids also may be dissolved in liquids, as alcohol in water. Again, agitation of any...
Page 18 - ... released by the decomposition are very carefully collected and weighed, it is found that for every 100 parts of mercury, there are 7.97 parts by weight of oxygen. Every sample of mercuric oxide always contains this proportion of the two elements. The same principle is found to apply to all ordinary chemical compounds, and is stated in the law of definite or constant proportions: In every sample MILITARY CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL AGENTS 48-52 of any compound substance, formed or decomposed, the proportion...
Page 574 - PbCl2 is precipitated when a soluble chloride is added to a solution of a lead salt. It is slightly soluble in water (1.5 : 100) at 18°, and much more so at 100°.