The Integrative Action of the Nervous SystemYale University Press, 1906 - 411 pages |
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afferent nerve after-discharge animal antagonistic muscles antagonistic reflexes applied arcs binocular brain cells central nervous centre cerebral cerebrum co-ordination combination cortex crossed extension-reflex decerebrate decerebrate rigidity distance-receptors effect effector efferent elicited emotion evoked excitation experience extension extensor muscles extensor-thrust extero-ceptive faradization fibres FIGURE final common path flexes flexion flexion-reflex flexor muscles flicker foot fore limb frequency frog function gray matter hamstring hemisphere hind limb homonymous impulses induced inhibitory initiated instance intensity irradiation Journ knee knee-jerk latter mechanism Medusa ment motor neurone muscular nerve-cell nerve-fibres nervous system observations obtained occurs organ Physiol physiological proprio-ceptive reaction receptive field receptors reflex action reflex contraction reflex inhibition reflex movement reflex-arc refractory phase regard region reinforce retina scratch scratch-reflex seems sensations skin spinal cord spinal dog spinal reflexes spinal shock stimulation strychnine summation surface synapse tetanus toxin tion tonic tonus transection uniocular visceral visual
Popular passages
Page 257 - would accompany an actual experience of the evil feared. The destructive passions are shown in a general tension of the muscular system, in gnashing of the teeth and protrusion of the claws, in dilated eyes and nostrils, in growls : and these are weaker forms of the actions that accompany the killing of prey.
Page 258 - the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur IS the emotion." " Every one of the bodily changes, whatsoever it be, is
Page 307 - comparative psychology seems not only a possible experimental science but an existent one. By combining methods of comparative psychology (eg the labyrinth test) with the methods of experimental physiology, investigation may be expected ere long to furnish new data of importance toward the knowledge of movement as an outcome of the working of the brain.
Page 265 - be the skeletal musculature of the limbs and trunk, involves also the less noticeable co-operation of the viscera, especially of the circulatory and respiratory. The extra demand made upon the muscles that move the frame involves a heightened action of the nutrient organs which
Page 393 - fulfil that which its destiny, if it is to succeed, requires from it as its life's purpose, namely, the extension of its dominance over its environment. For this conquest its cerebrum is its best weapon. It is then around the cerebrum, its physiological and psychological attributes, that the main interest of biology must ultimately turn.
Page 118 - stimulus overlaps another in regard to time. Thus each reflex breaks in upon a condition of relative equilibrium, which latter is itself reflex. In the simultaneous correlation of reflexes some reflexes combine harmoniously, being reactions that mutually reinforce. These may be termed allied reflexes, and
Page 263 - fades of anger is followed by actions of advance and attack with all appearance of set purpose, I find it difficult to think that the perception initiating the wrathful expression should bring in sequel angry conduct and yet have been impotent to produce " angry feeling.
Page 12 - threshold of excitability of the arc for one kind of stimulus, and to heighten it for all others. This is quite comparable with the low threshold for touch-sensation under mechanical stimulation applied to a hair (v.
Page 178 - Thus at any single phase of the creature's reaction, a simultaneous combination of reflexes is in existence. In this combination the positive element, namely, the final common paths (motor neurone groups) in active discharge, exhibits a harmonious discharge directed by the dominant reflex-arc, and reinforced by a number of arcs in alliance with it.
Page 303 - Whilst the cerebrum innervates the muscles in the order of their action from the most voluntary movements (limbs) to the most automatic (trunk), the cerebellum innervates them in the opposite order. This is equivalent to saying that the cerebellum is the centre for continuous movements and the cerebrum for changing movements.