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Rotation. The motion of a body round an axis.

Sauri or Suurians. Reptiles of the lizard kind, as crocodiles.

Secular inequalities. Variations in the motions of the heavenly bodies, requiring many ages for their_accomplishment.

Sidereal day.

The time included between two consecutive transits of the same star at the same meridian.

Sidereal year. The time included between two consecutive returns of the sun to the same star.

Sine. The perpendicular drawn from the extremity of an arc to the diameter of a circle, c D, (fig. 5,) is the sine of the arc c B.

Solstices. The points in which the sun is farthest from the equator.

Solar spectrum. The colored image of the sun refracted through a prism.

Space. The boundless region which contains all creation. Species of plants. Plants of the same kind.

Sphere. A solid formed by the rotation of a semi-circle about its diameter.

Spheroid of revolution, or Ellipsoid. A solid formed by

the revolution of an ellipse about one of its axes. The spheroid will be oblate or prolate, according as the revolution is performed about the minor or major axis of the ellipse. Spheroids are sometimes irregu

lar in their form.

Spiral. A curve like a watch spring. It may be circular, like a thread wound about a round rod; or elliptical, like a thread winding about an oval stick.

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Subtend. To be opposite. In fig. 5, the arc c в subtends the angle C A B.

Sulphate of lime. A mineral capable of being split into thin transparent plates; it consists of 327 of lime, 46.3 of sulphuric acid, and 21 of water.

Synodic revolution of the moon. consecutive new or full moons.

The time between two

Syzygies. The points in the moon's orbit where she is new or full.

Tangent. A straight line touching a curve in one point, as T t in fig. 2.

Tangential force. A force in the direction of the tangent.

Time, true. Time shown by a dial, or apparent time.

Time, mean.

watches.

Time shown by ordinary clocks and

Thermo-electric currents. Streams of electricity, excited by heat.

Transit.

place.

The passage of a body across the meridian of a

Transit of Venus and Mercury. The apparent passage of these planets across the sun's disc.

Trigonometrical measurements. Mensuration of the surface of the earth by a series of triangles.

Tropical year. The period between the consecutive returns of the sun to the same tropic or solstice.

True distance. The actual distance of a body from the sun, or of a satellite from its planet.

Undulation. A wave.

Undulatory theory. The mechanical principles of the motion of waves.

Vapor. Steam.

Variation. A periodic inequality in the motion of the

moon.

Variation of the compass.

The deviation of the compass

needle from the true north.

Vertical. The direction of the plumb-line.

Vertical plane. A plane passing through the plumb-line, consequently at right angles to the horizon.

Vesicles. Small hollow spheres of water.

Vibration. A motion to and fro.

Visual ray. A ray of light coming from any object to the eye.

Volta-electric induction. The disposition of electric currents to produce similar currents in bodies near them capable of receiving them.

INDEX.

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Caloric, rays independent of
light, 178

-from all substances, 187
-combustion, 188

Catalogue of stars by Herschel,
302

Celestial bodies now seen, 130;
phenomena of refraction, 131;
atmospheres of, 196

Centrifugal force opposed to the
law of gravity, 11, 44; its ac-
tion on the sea, 97
Chaldeans, observations by the,
32, 35

Chimborazo, Mount, 47
China, observations made in, 84
Chladni, experiment of, 117
Christian era, the, 81
Chronology of the visible heav-
ens, 300

Climate, 200, 211, et seq.
Coal, 68
Cold, 202, et seq.
[303]
Colors, prismatic, 136, of the stars,
Columbus and Lerius, 218, 243
Comets, theory of, and descrip-

tion of Encke's and other re-
markable comets, 278-295
Compass, the mariner's, 243, 268
Compression, doctrine of, 73′
Conductors, electrical, 224
Conjunction of planets, dates of,

39

Connection of the physical sci-
ences, conclusion, 317
Constellations, motion and revo-
lution of, 301

Crystal, 165

Crystallization, 190, 239
Curvature of the earth, 45
Day, the solar and sidereal, 79
divisions of, 80, 86

Dew, phenomenon of, 187
Diameters of the sun and plan-
ets, 56

Diaphanous bodies, 180

Distances in the universe calcu-
lated, 40, 54

Fresnel, M., 169, 171
Frost, hoar, 187
Galvanism, 233 et seq.
Galvanometer 256
Geology, 68

Glass, musical vibrations of, 125;
prismatic phenomena, 138, 154;
polarization of light by, 160;
impermeable to rays of solar
heat, 179, 182
Gravitation, 314

Dynamics, principles of, 67; the Gravity, variation in, 42

theory of, 316
Ear, the, 113, 118
Earth, its rotation uniform, 20,
66; its circumference, 48; its
fires, and heat from the sun, 67,
70; eccentricity of orbit, 69;
whether cavernous, 74
Earthquakes, the noise of, 120
Echo, 120

Eclipses, comparison of, 32, 36
-description of lunar, 37
-of Jupiter's satellites is
chronometrical, 27
Ecliptic, the, 75, 82

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variation of the, 20
Egyptians, astronomy of the, 85
Elastic bodies, vibrations of, 122
Electricity, science and phenom-
ena of, 222, et seq.
Electrics, Non, 225
Electro-magnetism, 256

Elevation of the earth at the
equator, 41, 49
'Ephemeris,' the, 40
Equator, the, 42, 74
Equinoxes, 75

Eras and chronology, 82, 84
Ether, all-pervading, 278
Ethereal medium, the, 145, 170
Eudoxus, 85

Faraday, Mr., 233, 252, 260
Figure of the earth, 41, 47, 85
Fire, production of, 188
Flora, reign of, 212

Gymnotus electricus, 239
Heat, the earth's, 67; solar radi-
ation, 69, 178; of the atmos-
phere, 105; theory, 195
Herbarium, Tartar, 214
Herschel, Sir William, 65, 178,
184, 300

304

Sir John, 117, 289, 298,

Herschel, Miss Caroline, 306
Hipparchus, 75

Horizon, its density of atmos-
phere, 135

Horoscopes, accordance with as-
tronomy, 85

Humboldt, Von, 98, 106, 209, 216,

269

Ice, formation of, 68; thaw, 193
Icebergs, 98, 203

Indians, their lunar tables, 84
Inequalities, secular and period-
ic, 17
Insects, 220

Interferences, laws of, 121, 125,
143, 172
Iron, 255

Isothermal lines, the, 208
Italy, the north of, 47

Ivory, Mr., investigations by 41,
47

Jupiter, the revolution of, 18, 23;
satellites of, 26, 65; magni-
tude of, 57; density, 78
Kater, Captain, 86

Fluids, properties of, 168, 172, Kepler, theory of, 10, 18, 54, 61

184, 192

Forests, influence of, 206

La Grange on Periodical Ine-
qualities, 20

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