The Principles and Methods of Geometrical Optics: Especially as Applied to the Theory of Optical InstrumentsMacmillan, 1910 - 626 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
a₁ abscissa angles of incidence aplanatic astigmatic bundle axes bundle of incident bundle of rays centered system centre chief incident ray coincide collinear conjugate axial points conjugate points corresponding cos² designate the positions diagram emergent rays equation Focal Lengths Focal Plane Focal Points formula Geometrical Optics h₁ hence homocentric bundle image-line Image-Point image-rays Image-Space incidence-point incident and refracted incident chief ray index of refraction infinitely distant point infinitely narrow intersection Lateral Magnification Lenses lying meridian rays n₁ object object-ray Object-Space obtain optical axis optical system pair of conjugate parallel paraxial rays pencil perpendicular plane of incidence plane-field point designated Points F Principal Axis principal section prism r₁ ray crosses rays refracted reflexion refracted ray refracting plane REFRACTION OF PARAXIAL refractive index respectively Sagittal Rays spherical aberration spherical refracting surface spherical surface straight line system of spherical vertex
Popular passages
Page 1 - Are not the rays of light very small bodies emitted from shining substances? For such bodies will pass through uniform mediums in right lines without bending into the shadow, which is the nature of the rays of light.
Page 27 - ... uniform density, or through a vacuum. But when a ray passes obliquely from one medium into another of different density, it is bent or refracted. The ray before it enters the second medium is called the incident ray; after it enters the second medium it is called the refracted ray; and the difference between the directions of the incident and refracted rays is called the refraction. If a normal is drawn to the surface of the refracting medium at the point where the incident ray meets it, the...
Page 543 - E. ABBE: Note on the Proper Definition of the Amplifying Power of a Lens or a Lens-system: Jaurn.
Page 267 - A second equation between D and D' results from the relation developed by Gauss between two pairs of conjugate points* for instance, the nodal point m and the symmetrical points a and a
Page 577 - Then the lines of force are obviously right lines drawn from its centre ; the tubes are therefore cones whose vertices are the centre, and since the normal sections of these cones are directly as the squares of their distances from the centre, the attraction of the sphere at any external point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from the centre. Again, let the attracting body be an infinite cylinder whose density is the same at the same distance from its axis.
Page 200 - a perfect instrument must fulfil three conditions: "I. Every ray of the pencil, proceeding from a single point of the object, must, after passing through the instrument, converge to, or diverge from, a single point of the image. The corresponding defect when the emergent rays have not a common focus, has been appropriately called (by Dr. WHEWELL) Astigmatism. "II. If the object is a plane surface, perpendicular to the axis of the instrument, the image of any point of it must lie in a plane perpendicular...
Page 467 - also investigated the distribution of the light in the coma, and its changes of shape when the position and size of the stop are changed".
Page 224 - And, finally, let us suppose that the directions OA, OB, OC agree with the positive directions of the axes of x, y, z, respectively...
Page 51 - PAB is supposed to be perpendicular to the plane of the paper, the plane A l!
Page 191 - In an achromatic telescope the focal lengths of the compound lens for red and violet rays are to be equal to one another...