Scientific Papers: 1892-1901

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Page 187 - Through the pipes ordinary air is led. One end may be regarded as open to the atmosphere. The other end is connected with an aspirator so arranged that the gas collected is only some 2 per cent. of that which leaks through the porosities. The case is like that of an Australian river drying up almost to nothing in the course of its flow. Well, if we treat air in that way, collecting only the small residue which is less willing than the remainder to penetrate the porous walls, and then prepare " nitrogen...
Page 123 - ... the rest, which would refuse to undergo that change. The foregoing experiments indeed in some measure decided .this point, as much the greatest part of the air let up into the tube lost its elasticity ; yet as some remained unabsorbed it did not appear for certain whether that was of the same nature as the rest or not. For this purpose I diminished a similar mixture of dephlogisticated and common air, in the same manner as before, till it was reduced to a small part of its original bulk. I then,...
Page 405 - It is on this principle that solids are "regarded as rigid, strings as inextensible, and so on. And it is " upon the recognition of such constraints that Lagrange's method " is founded. But the law of equal partition disregards potential " energy. However great may be the energy required to alter " the distance of the two atoms in a diatomic molecule, practical " rigidity is never secured, and the kinetic energy of the relative " motion in the line of junction is the same as if the tie were of "...
Page 121 - N2 into detached atoms. In order to test this suggestion, both kinds of gas were submitted to the action of the silent electric discharge, with the result that both retained their weights unaltered. This was discouraging, and a further experiment pointed still more markedly in the negative direction. The chemical...
Page 116 - Modern discoveries have not been made by large collections of facts with subsequent discussion, separation, and resulting deduction of a truth thus rendered perceptible. A few facts have suggested an hypothesis, which means a supposition proper to explain them. The necessary results of this supposition are worked out, and then, and not till then, other facts are examined to see if these ulterior results are found in nature.
Page 160 - For compressible flow this becomes: where y is the ratio of the specific heat at constant pressure to that at constant volume...
Page 443 - To Kirchhoff belongs, I believe, solely the great credit of having first actually sought for and found other metals than sodium in the sun by the method of spectrum analysis. His publication of October 1859 inaugurated the practice of solar and stellar chemistry, and gave spectrum analysis an impulse to which in a great measure is due its splendidly successful cultivation by the labours of many able investigators within the last ten years.
Page 228 - It seems fair to conclude that the function of the condenser in microscopic practice is to cause the object to behave, at any rate in some degree, as if it were self-luminous, and thus to obviate the sharply-marked interference-bands which arise when permanent and definite phase-relations are permitted to exist between the radiations which issue from various points of the object.
Page 509 - Instantaneous Photographs of Water Jets. Art. 174. 1890 . „ 382 On Pin-Hole Photography. Art. 178. 1891 .... ,,429 Some Applications of Photography. Art. 179. 1891 . . „ 441 On Reflexion from Liquid Surfaces in the Neighbourhood of the Polarizing Angle.
Page 391 - J any proof of his conclusion "that the average kinetic energy corresponding to any one of the variables is the same for every one of the variables of the system.

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