Experimental ElectrochemistryD. Van Nostrand, 1905 - 284 pages |
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alternating current aluminum ammeter amperes anode atoms beaker calcium calories calorimeter carbon cathode chamber chapter charge chemistry chemists chlorate chronograph circuit coil combustion compounds connected containing copper coulombs crucible current density cylinder dilute sulphuric acid discharge dissolved distilled water elec electric current Electrical World electrochemical electrochemistry electrode electrolytic cell electrolytic dissociation electromotive force experiment experimental fluoride freezing-point furnace fused Galvanism galvanometer gases glass tube grams hydrogen immersed insulated ions iron laboratory lamp-bank lead liberated magnetic mercury metal molecules negative nitrate nitric acid nitrogen non-electrolytes obtained osmotic pressure Ostwald oxide oxygen ozone passed piece of apparatus plates platinum platinum wire porous pot positive potassium chloride potassium hydroxide production pure quantity rheostat salt set free shown shows sodium chloride sodium hydroxide solution tension stopper storage battery student substances sulphate sulphuric acid temperature theory of electrolytic thermometer tion trolyte velocity vessel volts World and Engineer zinc
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Page 81 - If we accept the hypothesis that the elementary substances are composed of atoms we cannot avoid concluding that electricity also, positive as well as negative, is divided into definite elementary portions, which behave like atoms of electricity.
Page 251 - At the surface of the earth they are forces of quiescence, the normal condition of which must be disturbed before they can manifest power, and then the work which they are capable of performing is only the equivalent of the power which was communicated to them. There is no more prevalent and mischievous error than the idea that there is in what are called the " imponderables " a principle of spontaneous activity. Heat is the product of chemical action, and electricity only manifests power when its...
Page 166 - The presence of water appearing thus to prevent any decomposition, I used potash in igneous fusion. By means of a stream of oxygen gas from a gasometer applied to the flame of a spirit lamp, which was thrown on a platina spoon containing potash, this alkali was kept for some minutes in a strong red heat, and in a state of perfect fluidity. The spoon was preserved in communication with the positive side of the battery of the power of 100 of 6 inches, highly charged ; and the connection from the negative...
Page 167 - C, electrodes, with their attachments, e ; D, flanges to support the vessel upon the furnace. The covered compartment, F, being that in which it is intended to eliminate the metals, is supplied with a carbon electrode, and the uncovered compartment is supplied with a gold electrode ; but I wish it to be understood that I do not restrict myself to the particular form of apparatus, or to the material to be used for electrodes. The vessel is filled with dry saline matter, so that when it is in a state...
Page 166 - Fig. 17, which is made of iron or other suitable material capable of bearing a full red heat. In this figure, A is the vessel, which should be at least half an inch thick, and, if made of iron, previously to its being used should be coated over its exterior with clay or other substance...
Page 3 - ... placed between two different from each other of the first class, or, contrariwise, one of the first class is placed between two of the second class different from each other, an electric stream is occasioned by the predominating force either to the right or to the left ; a circulation of this fluid, which ceases only when the circle is broken, and which is renewed when the circle is again rendered complete.
Page 168 - ... the partition keeps the eliminated substances from re-acting upon each other, and also excludes the air from the compartment in which the metal is eliminated, the access of which would cause the metals to be oxidized. The vessel is placed in a furnace where it can be subjected to the action of a full red heat, and when the saline matter is in a state of fusion, contact is made between the decomposing vessel and the apparatus supplying the electric current or currents, the intensity of which should...
Page 183 - ... suitable furnace, B, and subjected to a sufficient heat to fuse the materials placed therein, such materials fusing at approximately the same temperature as common salt. In lieu of the electrode D, as shown in Fig. 1, the carbon lining A' may be employed as the negative electrode, as shown in Fig.
Page 182 - This crucible is placed in a suitable furnace, B, and subjected to a sufficient heat to fuse the materials placed therein, such materials fusing at approximately the same temperature as common salt.
Page 20 - Avogadro's principle or hypothesis, which states that equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules, was the extension of Dalton's Atomic Theory necessary to put the theoretical interpretation of chemistry on a solid foundation.