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OPEN

COMPETITION,

1877.

ENGLISH HISTORY.

C. ELTON, Esq.

Tuesday, 20th March 1877. 2 P.M. to 5 P.M.

[N.B.-Not more than Ten questions to be answered.]

1. The condition of Britain under the Romans has been compared to that of Ireland in the 17th century. Examine this statement and discuss the accuracy of the comparison.

2. What is the historical importance of the writings called the Song of Beowulf, the Saxon Chronicle, and the Vision of Piers Ploughman respectively?

3. Describe the extent of Canute's dominions and show in what respects his policy may be called imperial.

4. The Norman Conquest is said in one aspect to have stopped the natural growth of feudalism, and in another to have introduced the feudal system into England. Comment on the statement and illustrate your answer by references to the reigns of Henry I. and Henry II.

5. Describe the early organisation of the Cinque Ports, and give some account of the condition of the English navy in the reigns of Edward III., Henry VIII., and James II. respectively.

6. Give a detailed account of the conquest of North Wales by Edward I.,
and of the establishment of the Lordships Marchers. By what
steps were the Welsh Laws assimilated to the Law of England?
7. Write short lives of any two (and no more) of the following persons:
Bede, Latimer, Atterbury, Alberoni, Washington.

8. To what extent had the King the power of dispensing with and
suspending the execution of Statutes? Illustrate your answer
by references to the reigns of Richard II., James I., and James II.
9. Explain and comment on the following words: Sixhyndman, main-
tenance, purveyance, malignant, distraint of Knighthood.
10. Describe briefly the legislation of Henry VII., so far as it affected
matters of trade and husbandry, the privileges of the nobility,
and the criminal jurisdiction of the King's Council.

11. What was the special importance to this country of the Battles of
Blenheim, Trafalgar, Assaye, and Navarino respectively?

12. What are the grounds for the various statements: a. That James I.
was an usurper: b. That his title rested on the will of the
people: c. That he succeeded to the Crown by virtue of his
inherent birthright?

13. What were the exact points in dispute in Hampden's Case of
Shipmoney? When were writs for shipmoney first issued?
14. Describe the system of administration by which Scotland was
governed under Cromwell. What was the effect of the Battle of
Dunbar on the position of the Presbyterian party in England?
15. What promises were contained in the Declaration from Breda, and
how far were they observed with respect to a political amnesty
and toleration in Ecclesiastical matters ?

16. To what causes do you ascribe the failure of the Darien scheme?
Was the making of the Scotch Settlement an infraction of the
terms of the Peace of Ryswick ?

17. Describe the state of parties in England at the close of the American War of Independence.

18. What was Pitt's policy with regard to Catholic Emancipation?

OPEN

State the circumstances which finally led to the passing of the COMPETITION,
Catholic Relief Act.

1877.

19. Give a brief sketch of the Peninsular Campaigns of 1811 and 1812, and describe in detail the battle of Albuera.

20. Give some account of the agitation preceding the passing of the Reform Act of 1832. What was meant by the objections (1) that the reformed House of Commons would be too nearly an image of the people, and (2) that Parliament had no power to deprive a Corporation of its privileges?

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.

Rev. G. W. KITCHIN.

Wednesday, 21st March 1877. 2 P.M. to 5 P.M.

N.B.-No Candidate is permitted to answer more than Ten questions, of which two at least must be taken from Section I.

SECTION I.

1. Render the following passages into modern English, supplying such short notes as they may seem to require :

(1.) Ädelstân cyning, eorla drihten,

beorna beáhgyfa, and his brôđor eác
Eâdmund ädeling ealdorlangne tŷr
geslôgon ät säcce sveorda ecgum
umbe Brunanburh.

(2.) In the Chauncery where he syttes,
But suche as he admyttes,
None so hardy to speke;

He sayth, "Thou huddypeke,
Thy lerning is to lewde,
Thy tonge is nat well thewde,
To seke before our grace;"

Thus royally he dothe deale

Vnder the Kynges brode seale;

And in the Checker he them cheks;

In the Ster Chambre he noddis and beks,

And bereth him there so stowte,

That no man dare rowte,

Duke, erle, baron nor lorde,

But to his sentence must accorde.

2. How far can you trace the influence of the Church on the vocabulary and phraseology of the English Language in its earlier stages? 3. "The English Alphabet is at once uncertain, inconsistent, erroneous, deficient, and redundant." Consider this criticism, and show how far the English Alphabet is better or worse than other Alphabets known to you.

4. What can you gather respecting the growth of English Institutions from the history of the following words :-Thing, hustings, law, Riding (of Yorkshire), marquis, valet, vassal, knight, hundred? 5. Criticise Horne Tooke's treatment of the words Truth, aghast, riches, page; also consider, with examples, his position that "Primitive roots in English are all nouns."

ΟΡΕΝ COMPETITION, 1877.

6. Compare the English Language with any other language known to
you as to (1.) Its power of making compounds: (2.) Its onomato-
poetic faculty.
7. Comment on the letter changes which have taken place in the
following words, illustrating, where you can, from their kinsfolk
in other languages :-Bishop, cheese, church, cousin, had, head,
loving, pursue, slander, tender, township, traitor, wast, which,
window.

SECTION II.

8. "The poverty of original Anglo-Saxon literature compels us to be grateful for translations into that language." Comment on this passage.

9. What was the importance of Roger Bacon as an author and an investigator? Show how far he may be compared with Francis Lord Verulam.

10. Schlegel says of the Historical Plays of Shakespere that they are "A Mirror for Monarchs." Illustrate this statement, and show how the English Kings as drawn by Shakespere may be taken as types of royal character.

11. Consider the lines of distinction between Comedy and Farce. Does Shakspere seem to you ever to cross the border line between them?

12. Compare the influences exerted on English Literature by Italy in the beginning of the seventeenth and in the beginning of the nineteenth centuries.

13. "The value of an author may be tested by the frequency of quotation "from his writings." Investigate, with examples, the truth of this statement.

14. "The Whig periodical press [of the time of Queen Anne] won for "itself the praise of directing public attention in educated society "towards morality." Show how far Von Ranke is justified in this judgment.

15. "Boswell's Life of Johnson is a Club-house, to which the wits, the "artists, the authors of the day resort, and wherein they talk "their best.' Illustrate this remark.

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16. Show in what ways the French Revolution changed the course, and marked the character, of contemporary English Literature.

17. What were the chief effects on Literature in Scotland of the Act of Union of 1707 ?

18. Compare the positions of Pope and Johnson as Satire-writers, with reference to their literary excellence as well as to the course of politics in England.

19. Write a criticism on one of the following works:

(1) The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia.
(2) Addison's Cato.

(3) Rasselas.

(4) The Ancient Mariner.
(5) The Curse of Kehama.
(6) Lockhart's Life of Scott.
(7) The Virginians.

TRANSLATION FROM GREEK.

A. T. BARTON, Esq.

Friday, 23rd March 1877. 2 P.M. to 5 P.M.

Translate into English:

I.

Οὕτω δ ̓ οὐ μόνον εἰς χρήματα ἀναιδής, ἀλλὰ καὶ σκαιός ἐστιν, ὥςτ ̓ οὐκ οἶδεν ἐκεῖνο, ὅτι στέφανοι μέν εἰσιν ἀρετῆς σημεῖον, φιάλαι δὲ καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα, πλούτου, καὶ στέφανος μὲν ἅπας, καν μικρὸς ᾖ, τὴν ἴσην φιλοτιμίαν ἔχει τῷ μεγάλῳ, ἐκπώματα δὲ ἢ θυμιατήρια, ἐὰν μὲν ὑπερβάλλῃ τῷ πλήθει, πλούτου τινὰ δόξαν προςετρίψατο τοῖς κεκτημένοις, ἐὰν δ ̓ ἐπὶ μικροῖς τις σεμνύνηται, τοσοῦτ ̓ ἀπέχει τοῦ τιμῆς τινὸς διὰ ταῦτα τυχεῖν, ὡςτ ̓ ἀπειρόκαλος προςέδοξεν εἶναι. οὗτος τοίνυν ἀνελαὸν τὰ τῆς δόξης κτήματα, τὰ τοῦ πλούτου πεποίηται μικρά, καὶ οὐχ ὑμῶν ἄξια. καὶ οὐδ ̓ ἐκεῖν εἶδεν, ὅτι πρὸς μὲν χρημάτων κτῆσιν οὐδὲ πώποτε ὁ δῆμος ἐσπού δασε, πρὸς δὲ δόξης, ὡς οὐδὲ πρὸς ἓν τῶν ἄλλων. τεκμήριον δέ χρήματα μὲν γὰρ πλεῖστα τῶν Ἑλλήνων ποτὲ σχών, ἅπανθ ̓ ὑπὲρ φιλοτιμίας ἀνήλωσεν εἰςφέρων δ ̓ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων, οὐδένα πώποτε κίνδυνον ὑπὲρ δόξης ἐξέστη. ἀφ ̓ ὧν κτήματα ἀθάνατα αὐτῷ περίεστι, τὰ μέν, τῶν ἔργων ἡ μνήμη, τὰ δέ, τῶν ἀναθημάτων τῶν ἐπ ̓ ἐκείνοις σταθέντων τὸ κάλλος, προπύλαια ταῦτα, ὁ παρθενών, στοαί, νεώςοικοι, οὐκ ἀμφορίσκοι δύο, οὐδὲ χρυσίδες τέτταρες ἢ τρεῖς, ἄγουσα ἑκάστη μνᾶν· ᾶς, ὅταν σοι δοκῇ, σὺ πάλιν γράψεις καταχωνεύειν.

DEMOSTHENES.

II.

Καὶ ξύλλογον τῶν Τορωναίων ποιήσας ἔλεξε τοῖς ἐν τῇ ̓Ακάνθῳ παραπλήσια, ὅτι οὐ δίκαιον εἴη οὔτε τοὺς πράξαντας πρὸς αὐτὸν τὴν λῆψιν τῆς πόλεως χείρους οὐδὲ προδότας ἡγεῖσθαι· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπὶ δουλειᾳ οὐδὲ χρήμασι πεισθέντας δρᾶσαι τοῦτο, ἀλλ ̓ ἐπὶ ἀγαθῷ καὶ ἐλευθερίᾳ τῆς πόλεως· οὔτε τοὺς μὴ μετασχόντας οἴεσθαι μὴ τῶν αὐτῶν τεύξεσθαι· ἀφῖχθαι γὰρ οὐ διαφθερῶν οὔτε πόλιν οὔτε ἰδιώτην οὐδένα, τὸ δὲ κήρυγμα ποιήσασθαι τούτου ἕνεκα τοῖς παρ'

OPEN COMPETITION,

1877.

OPEN COMPETITION, 1877.

Αθηναίους καταπεφευγόσιν, ὡς ἡγούμενος οὐδὲν χείρους τῇ ἐκείνων φιλίᾳ· οὐδ ̓ ἂν σφῶν πειρασαμένους αὐτοὺς τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων δοκεῖν ἧσσον, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ μᾶλλον, ὅσῳ δικαιότερα πράσσουσιν, εὔνους ἂν σφίσι γενέσθαι, ἀπειρίᾳ δὲ νῦν πεφοβῆσθαι. τούς τε πάντας παρασκευάζεσθαι ἐκέλευεν ὡς βεβαίους τε ἐσομένους ξυμμάχους, καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦδε ἤδη ὅ τι ἂν ἁμαρτάνωσιν αἰτίαν ἕξοντας· τὰ δὲ πρότερα οὐ σφεῖς ἀδικεῖσθαι, ἀλλ ̓ ἐκείνους μᾶλλον ὑπ ̓ ἄλλων κρεισσόνων, καὶ ξυγγνώμην εἶναι, εἴ τι ἠναντιοῦντο.

THUCYDIDES.

III.

Ὣς ἔφαθ'· ἡ δ ̓ ἐπένευσε καρήατι· ταὶ δὲ φαεινὰ
Πλησάμεναι ὕδατος φέρον ἄγγεα κυδιάουσαι.
Ρίμφα δὲ πατρὸς ἵκοντο μέγαν δόμον, ὦκα δὲ μητρὶ
Ἔννεπον, ὡς εἶδόν τε καὶ ἔκλυον· ἡ δὲ μάλ' κα
Ἐλθούσας ἐκέλευε καλεῖν ἐπ ̓ ἀπείρονι μισθῷ.
Αἱ δ ̓, ὥςτ ̓ ἢ ἔλαφοι ἢ πόρτιες εἴαρος ώρῃ
Αλλοντ ̓ ἂν λειμῶνα, κορεσσάμεναι φρένα φορβῇ,
Ὣς αἱ ἐπισχόμεναι ἑανῶν πτύχας ἱμεροέντων
Ἤϊξαν κοίλην κατ ̓ ἀμαξιτόν· ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται
Ὤμοις άΐσσοντο κροκηΐῳ ἄνθει ὁμοῖαι.

Τέτμον δ ̓ ἐγγὺς ὁδοῦ κυδρὴν θεόν, ἔνθα πάρος περ
Κάλλιπον αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα φίλα πρὸς δώματα πατρὸς
Ἡγεῦνθ'. ἡ δ ̓ ἄρ ̓ ὄπισθε, φίλον τετιημένη ἦτορ,
Στεῖχε, κατακρῆθεν κεκαλυμμένη· ἀμφὶ δὲ πέπλος
Κυάνεος ῥαδινοῖσι θεᾶς ἐλελίζετο ποσσίν.
Αἶψα δὲ δώμαθ ̓ ἵκοντο Διοτρεφέος Κελεοῖο,
Βὰν δὲ δι ̓ αἰθούσης, ἔνθα σφίσι πότνια μήτηρ
Ἧστο παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο,

Παῖδ ̓ ὑπὸ κόλπῳ ἔχουσα, νέον θάλος· αἱ δὲ παρ ̓ αὐτὴν
Ἔδραμον. ἡ δ ̓ ἄρ ̓ ἐπ ̓ οὐδὲν ἔβη ποσί, και τα μελάθρου
Κῆρε κάρη, πλῆσεν δὲ θύρας σέλαος θείοιο.

Τὴν δ ̓ αἰδώς τε σέβας τε ἰδὲ χλωρὸν δέος εἷλεν·
Εἶξε δέ οἱ κλισμοῖο, καὶ ἑδριάασθαι ἄνωγεν.

HOMER.

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