A System of Physical Chemistry ...Longmans, Green and Company, 1916 - 1075 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
acetic acid actual anion applied aqueous solution Arrhenius atom base benzene Boyle's Law calculated carbon catalyst cation charge Chem chemical chloride colloidal colour consider containing curve decomposition degree of dissociation density determined diffusion dissociation constant dissolved effect electrical electrolytic dissociation electrons equation equilibrium constant equilibrium point equivalent conductivity ethyl acetate ethyl alcohol evidence experimental experiments expression fraction gas reactions gaseous gases given gram H₂ heat Hence Hoff Hoff's homogeneous hydrogen hydrogen chloride hydrolysis increase ionisation ions J. J. Thomson k₁ kinetic law of mass liquid mass action means measurements method mixture mole molecular weight number of molecules observed obtained osmotic pressure Ostwald partial pressure particles physik present quantity ratio salt second-type sodium solid solubility solvent substances temperature tion titration total pressure undissociated vapour pressure velocity constant volume Waals Zeitsch
Popular passages
Page 85 - On partially liquefying carbonic acid by pressure alone, and gradually raising at the same time the temperature to 88° Fahr., the surface of demarcation between the liquid and gas became fainter, lost its curvature, and at last disappeared. The space was then occupied by a homogeneous fluid, which exhibited, when the pressure was suddenly diminished or the temperature slightly lowered, a peculiar appearance of moving or flickering striae throughout its entire mass. At temperatures above 88° no...
Page 90 - The overhanging part of the curve from e toy seems to represent a state in which there would be some kind of unstable equilibrium ; and so, although the curve there appears to have some important theoretical significance, yet the states represented by its various points would be unattainable throughout any ordinary mass of the fluid. It seems to represent conditions of coexistent temperature, pressure, and volume in which, if all parts of a mass of fluid were placed, it would be in equilibrium, but...
Page 421 - the quantity of salt, which diffuses through a given area, is proportional to the difference between the concentrations of two areas infinitely near each other.
Page 89 - I mention it, however, a> appearing to be founded on correct principles, and as tending to suggest desirable courses for experimental researches. The overhanging part of the curve from e to/ seems to represent a state in which there would be some kind of unstable equilibrium ; and so, although the curve there appears to have some important theoretical significance, yet the states represented by its various points would be unattainable throughout any ordinary miss of the fluid.
Page 25 - This cannot be averred without hesitation, but the hypothesis at least is sufficiently plausible to make it worth while to discuss its consequences. Here we are then taken back again to the observation of the particles of an emulsion and to the study of this wonderful movement which most directly suggests the molecular hypothesis. But at the same time we are led to render the theory precise by saying, not only that each particle owes its movement to the impacts of the molecules of the liquid, but...
Page 50 - The drops which it was found possible to balance by an electrical field always carried multiple charges, and the difficulty experienced in balancing such drops was less than had been anticipated. The procedure is simply to form a cloud and throw on the field immediately thereafter. The drops which have charges of the same sign as that of the upper plate or too weak charges of the opposite sign, rapidly fall, while those which are charged with too many multiples of sign opposite to that of the upper...
Page 89 - ... temperature, which we may regard as horizontal, increases till, at the critical point, it becomes a right angle. Then it appears very natural to suppose that in proceeding onwards past the critical point, to curves successively for lower and lower temperatures, the tangent at the point of inflection would continue its rotation, and the angle of its inclination, which before was acute, would now become obtuse. It seems much more natural to make such a supposition as this than to suppose that in...
Page 87 - Now it will be my chief object in the present paper to state and support a view which has occurred to me, according to which it appears probable that, although there be a practical breach of continuity in crossing the line of boiling-points from liquid to gas or from gas to liquid, there may exist, in the nature of things, a theoretical continuity across this breach having some real and true significance. This theoretical continuity, from the ordinary liquid state to the ordinary gaseous state, must...