Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, Vol. II: The Wheels of CommerceUniversity of California Press, 1992 M12 23 - 670 pages By examining in detail the material life of pre-industrial peoples around the world, Fernand Braudel significantly changed the way historians view their subject. Originally published in the early 1980s, Civilization traces the social and economic history of the world from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, although his primary focus is Europe. Braudel skims over politics, wars, etc., in favor of examining life at the grass roots: food, drink, clothing, housing, town markets, money, credit, technology, the growth of towns and cities, and more. Volume I describes food and drink, dress and housing, demography and family structure, energy and technology, money and credit, and the growth of towns. |
Contents
Foreword page | 21 |
Intervention by the towns 36 | 79 |
Fairtime carnivaltime 85 Development of | 94 |
a repeat performance 106 Paris | 112 |
A world of pedlars or of wholesalers? 120 Indian | 125 |
A wildfowlers stall Rome | 133 |
MARKETS AND THE ECONOMY | 138 |
Bill of exchange eighteenth century | 146 |
Transport and capitalist enterprise | 349 |
From Paris to Troyes and back by horsedrawn barge | 355 |
Road traffic in SeineetMarne 17989 | 356 |
Tolls and customs along the Saône and Rhône in mid | 358 |
Getting out of port | 364 |
Overland transport 350 River traffic 357 At sea | 369 |
Fixed and circulating capital ships from Saint Malo eighteenth century | 370 |
Individual firms and merchant companies | 433 |
Foodstuffs on display in Mexico City eighteenth century | 162 |
Trading profits supply and demand | 168 |
which | 180 |
A Brazilian sugar mill seventeenth century | 192 |
Firms and their catchment areas 184 The catchment | 194 |
National economies and the balance of trade | 204 |
The Lord Mayors Show in London 1750 | 210 |
Traditional market in Dahomey twentieth century | 226 |
The selfregulating market 224 The market through | 229 |
The forest of Tronçais | 240 |
the reality 239 Fixed capital circulating capital | 242 |
Land and money | 249 |
The same mansion in the seventeenth century | 253 |
Grain arriving at Gdansk Danzig | 268 |
Capitalism and preindustry | 297 |
A fourfold classification 298 Is Bourgins classifi | 309 |
The Verlagssystem 316 The Verlags | 329 |
Gold production in eighteenthcentury Brazil | 348 |
Limited partnerships 438 Joint stock companies | 439 |
The Court Room of the Merchant Adventurers Hall | 450 |
shortterm economic fluctuations 450 The com | 453 |
The wife of the Lord Mayor of London seventeenth | 468 |
Noblemen in Venice | 472 |
Pierre Séguier in his library seventeenth century | 486 |
Mechanized spinningwheels in Leyden sixteenth century | 501 |
Gibbets in Holland | 517 |
Budgets and economic trends | 531 |
Sculpture from the house of Jacques Coeur fifteenth | 533 |
Paying the troops by Callot | 548 |
Civilizations do not always put up a fight | 555 |
A warning to usurers fifteenth century | 561 |
a good explanation 569 | 569 |
Northern ships getting the best of it in the Indian Ocean | 574 |
The miracles of longdistance trade 582 The ideas | 594 |
651 | |
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activity already Amsterdam ancien régime Antwerp balance became bills of exchange Bordeaux bourgeois bourgeoisie brought capital capitalist centre China circulation commerce Company Dutch East Indies economic eighteenth century England English Europe European example exports fairs feudal fifteenth firm Florence fortunes France French Fuggers Genoa Genoese gold grain hierarchy historian Holland huge Ibid India industry investment Isaac de Pinto Italian Italy kingdom of Naples labour land later Levant Lisbon livres livres tournois loans London Louis Lyons manufacture Marseilles merchandise merchants modern monopoly Négociant nobility nobles Paris peasant Photo Portugal Portuguese privileges production profits revolution rich Saint-Malo sector sell seventeenth century ships siècle silver sixteenth century social society Sombart Spain Spanish sugar town trade transport travelling usury Venetian Venice village voyage wealth whole wine word workers