Chemistry, Theoretical, Practical, and Analytical: As Applied and Relating to the Arts and Manufactures, Volume 2W. Mackenzie, 1860 |
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acetate action alcohol alkali alumina ammonia applied bark blast boiling carbonic acid cast-iron cent Centesimally cetera charcoal chloride color combination composition compound contains copper crucible crystals cyanide cylinder decomposed decomposition dilute dissolved distilled dried effect employed equivalent ether evaporation filtered fluid furnace gallic acid grains gutta-percha heat hides hundred hydriodic acid hydrochloric acid hydrocyanic acid hydrogen inches insoluble iodide iodine iron leather lime liquid liquor magnesia manganese manufacture manure mass matter mercury metal method mineral mixed mixture nickel nitric acid nitrogen obtained operation ounces oxide oxygen phosphate placed portion potassium pounds powder precipitate prepared produced proportion protoxide Prussian blue pure quantity remains removed resin salt sesquioxide silica silver skins slag smelting soda soluble solution specific gravity steel substance sulphate sulphide sulphuric acid tannin tanning temperature tion trace vessel washed weight whilst white lead yield
Popular passages
Page 442 - ... decarbonization will be limited in amount according to the size of the granules operated upon ; and, by reason of the continued application of heat, the iron will melt and separate (with the assistance of the melting residues of...
Page 347 - I fear, will become soon more difficult to be procured, from the destructive mode pursued by the natives in obtaining it. A magnificent tree of fifty, or more probably 100 years' growth, is cut down, the bark stripped off, and the milky juice collected and poured into a trough formed by the hollow stem of the plantain leaf; it quickly coagulates on exposure to the air; but from one tree, I was told that not more than 20 Ibs. or 30 Ibs. are procured.
Page 372 - It has been also supposed that the peroxide of iron alone possesses the property of -forming the black compound which constitutes ink, and that the substance of ink is rather mechanically suspended in the fluid than dissolved in it. Ink, as it is usually prepared, is disposed to undergo certain changes, which considerably impair its value. Of these the three following are the most important : its tendency to moulding, the liability of the black matter to separate from the fluid, the ink then becoming...
Page 335 - It contains, suspended and floating in it, a quantity of the vegetable fibre which has escaped the solvent action of the ether. The liquid portion may be separated from these fibres by a filter, but it is doubtful whether this is an advantage. In the evaporation of the liquid, these undissolved fibres, by felting with each other, appear to give a greater degree of tenacity and resistance to the dried mass. In the preparation of collodion it is indispensable to avoid the presence of water, as this...
Page 436 - ... combine, and consequently, that it was only necessary to bring the oxygen and carbon together in such a manner that a vast surface should be exposed to their mutual action, in order to produce a temperature hitherto unattainable in our largest furnaces. " With a view of testing practically this theory, he...
Page 335 - Rectified sulphuric ether - - 125 " " Rectified alcohol .... 8 " " Put the cotton with the ether into a well-stopped bottle, and shake the mixture for some minutes. Then add the alcohol by degrees, and continue to shake until the whole of the liquid acquires a syrupy consistency. It may then be passed through a cloth, the residue strongly pressed, and the liquid kept in a well-secured bottle.
Page 437 - I have described will have no hard or steely parts, such as are found in puddled iron, requiring a great amount of rolling to blend them with the general mass ; nor will such ingots require an excess of rolling to expel cinder from the interior of the mass, since none can exist in the ingot, which is pure and perfectly homogeneous throughout, and hence requires only as much rolling as is necessary for the development of fibre ; it therefore follows that, instead of forming a merchant bar or rail...
Page 436 - BESSAMER asserted that crude iron contains about 10 per cent, of carbon ; that carbon cannot exist at a white heat in the presence of oxygen without uniting therewith and producing combustion; that such combustion would proceed with a rapidity dependent on the amount of surface of carbon exposed; lastly, that the temperature which the metal would acquire would be also dependent on the rapidity with which the oxygen and carbon were made to combine...
Page 442 - ... from the surrounding materials, and form carbonic oxide or carbonic acid gas. If this process is interrupted before the completion of the process, a partially decarbonized iron will result, the surface of which will have been converted into a pure iron, while the interior parts remain unchanged ; or, in...
Page 436 - This having been done, and the fluid iron run in, a rapid boiling up of the metal will be heard going on within the vessel. the metal being tossed violently about and dashed from side to side, shaking the vessel by the force with which it moves. From the throat of the converting vessel, flame will then immediately issue, accompanied by a few bright sparks.