Heat and ThermodynamicsMcGraw-Hill, 1911 - 346 pages |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
absorbed adiabatic expansion ammonia amount application of heat approximately aspirating stroke assumed atmosphere ature body boiler Boyle's Law calorimeter capacity per unit Carnot cycle cent change in entropy compression compressor condensation constant pressure constant temperature constant volume cooling corresponding curve cylinder walls density determined dryness energy exhaust exhaust-valve follows fuel gases gram calories heat of vaporization heat taken hence high-pressure hydrogen ideal coefficient indicator diagram initial internal combustion engine interval isothermal isothermal process liquid loss mass of water means measured mercury mixture motor numerically equal obtained operation Pava perature pipe piston pressure and volume pressure p₁ quantity of heat radiation ratio reciprocating engine refrigerating machine refrigerator represented reversible reversible adiabatic process reversible engine saturated speed substance superheated T₁ takes place temperature T2 thermal capacity thermal efficiency thermodynamic thermometer turbine unit mass v₁ valve velocity vessel zero
Popular passages
Page 329 - Unit," by HG Stott and RJS Pigott. Transactions of the ASME, Vol. XXXII. with them has proved; their normal economic rating is 5000 kw., but they operate equally well (water rate excepted) on 8000 kw. continuously. " 6. In considering the problem of how to get an additional supply of power, every available source was considered, but by a process of elimination only two distinct plans were left in the field. " 7. The electric transmission of power from a hydraulic plant was first considered, but owing...
Page 9 - Specific Heat. The ratio of the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a given mass of...
Page 331 - ... greatly. The economic results, so far as the first cost is concerned, would then be approximately the same, if we consider the general case only; but in this particular instance the installation of highpressure turbines would have meant a much greater investment for foundations, flooring, switchboard apparatus, steam piping and water tunnels, amounting to an addition of not less than twenty-five per cent to the first cost. 12 The general case of displacing reciprocating engines and installing...
Page 9 - ... to the quantity of heat required to raise an equal mass of water through the same temperature interval, is called the specific heat of the substance.
Page 78 - Substituting, in equation (15), we have finally (16) ie, the speed of propagation of a disturbance through an elastic medium is numerically equal to the square root of the ratio of elasticity to density. The speed of propagation of sound in air is very readily determined by experiment; and is found to be, at 0°C., very nearly 332 meters per sec. The vibrations in a sound wave take place so rapidly that the changes are sensibly adiabatic; hence [i, in equation (16), will be replaced by the adiabatic...
Page 332 - The dry vacuum pump is of the singlestage type, 12-in. and 29-in. by 24-in., fitted with Corliss valves on the air cylinder. The whole condensing plant is capable of maintaining a vacuum within 1.1 in of the barometer when condensing 150,000 lb. of steam per hr. when supplied with circulating water at 70 deg. fahr. 17 The electric generator is of the three-phase induction type, star-wound for 11,000 volts, 25 cycles and a speed of 750 rpm The rotor is of the squirrel-cage type with bar winding connecting...
Page 330 - The foundations and the steam piping in both cases would not differ greatly. The economic results, so far as the first cost is concerned, would then be approximately the same, if we consider the general case only; but in this particular instance the installation of highpressure turbines would have meant a much greater investment for foundations, flooring, switchboard...
Page 332 - ELEVATION AND PART SECTION OF LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE UNIT breaker on the condenser, is the only form of governor used. The footstep bearing, carrying the weight of the turbine and generator rotors, is of the usual design supplied with oil under a pressure of 600 lb. per sq. in. with the usual double system of supply and accumulator to regulate the pressure and speed of the oil pumps. 16 The condenser contains approximately 25,000 sq. ft. of cooling surface arranged in the double two-pass system of...
Page 332 - ... 7500-kw. (maximum rating) unit, as by this means we would not only get an increase of 100 per cent in capacity, but at the same time give the engines a new lease of life by bringing them up to a thermal efficiency higher than that attained by any other type of steam plant. 15 The turbine installed is of the vertical three-stage impulse type having six fixed nozzles and six which can be operated by hand, so as to control the back pressure on the engine, or the division of load between engine and...
Page 329 - ... ordinary steam-turbine plant with a probable maintenance and operation account of from four to ten times that of the steam turbine. " 9. The reciprocating-engine unit of the same type as those already installed, was rejected in spite of its most satisfactory performance, on account of the high first cost and small range of economical operation. Reference to Fig.