Measurement, Compression and Transmission of Natural Gas: By Lester Clyde LichtyJ. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 1924 - 523 pages |
Common terms and phrases
amount of gas atmospheric pressure average by-pass cent chart check valve clearance coefficient coils compression condensate connected cooling cubic feet cubic foot curve determined diaphragm differential pressure discharge displacement equation equivalent length flange flow of gas formula funnel meter Gas Compressor gas flow gas meter gas passed gasoline given in Table globe valves high-pressure holder horse-power Inches Inches indicated inlet installed L.P. capacity leakage length of pipe low-pressure capacity lt-B manometer mean effective pressure measured mercury miles multiply natural gas operation orifice meter orifice plate outlet piezometer pipe line piston pitot tube Pounds per Square proportional meter prover quantity of gas reading regulator Scale screw shown in Fig side sizes specific gravity square inch absolute standard conditions static pressure supply pressure tally tank temperature Thomas meter vacuum pumps vapor Venturi Meter volume of gas volumetric efficiency weight welded
Popular passages
Page 47 - Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
Page 51 - Usually the depletion of natural gas properties should be computed on the basis of decline in closed or rock pressure, taking into account the effects of water encroachment and any other modifying factors. The gas producer will be expected to compute the depletion as accurately as possible and submit with his return a description of the method by which the computation was made. The following formula, in which the units of gas are pounds per square inch of closed pressure...
Page 289 - P = mean effective pressure in pounds per square inch; L = length of stroke in feet; A =area of piston in square inches; N = number of strokes per minute = revolutions per minute x 2.
Page 52 - Take, for example, a pool where there is no encroachment by water. Suppose that the pore-space is 25 per cent, the thickness of the pay 20 feet, and the extent of the pool 10 square miles, or roughly 280,000,000 square feet. The volume of the reservoir would be 1,400,000,000 cubic feet, and the amount of gas in the sand could be readily computed by taking into account the closed pressure of the wells. "Other indications of depletion. — Additional evidence of decreasing supply of natural gas in...
Page 53 - ... account the closed pressure of the wells. "Other indications of depletion. — Additional evidence of decreasing supply of natural gas in the 'ground is commonly observable in the behavior of the wells and the provision that must be made for transporting the gas to market. Observations on minute pressure show more or less progressive change as the wells become older and an increasing amount of gas is drawn from the ground. Line pressures and pressures at compressing stations are also likely to...
Page 55 - A fourth detail of refinement arises out of the fact that on the average more gas is marketed for 50 pounds of decline in pressure after the pressure has reached 100 pounds or less than an equal decline while the pressure is high, as, for example, 1,000 pounds per square inch. Also the expense of marketing gas after the pressure has become low is greater than when it was high, largely because of the necessity of installing compressors to push the gas through the pipe lines to the consumers. These...
Page 52 - ... properties this method will have value, for with rare exceptions the production of gas from a well leads to a decline in its capacity, and the fraction produced is roughly proportional to the decline. "Comparison with life history of similar wells or properties, particularly those now exhausted or nearing exhaustion. — Where no other data are available the rate of depletion of a gas well or property may be approximated by comparison with a neighboring well or property that has reached a later...
Page 52 - ... certain cases throw light on the future of the well or property. "Decline in open-flow capacity. — Where data are available the decline in open-flow capacity indicates in a general way the rate of exhaustion of the gas field. The relationship is not at all close and varies from field to field and from well to well. Also for most gas wells accurate data on decline in open-flow capacity are not available. Nevertheless it is probable that for certain properties this method will have value, for...
Page 58 - Gas well pressure records to be kept. — Beginning with 1919 closed pressure readings of representative wells, if not of all wells, must be carefully made and kept. In order to standardize pressure readings the well should remain closed until the pressure does not build up more than 1 per cent of the total pressure in 10 minutes.
Page 55 - Care should also be taken to empty the well of oil and water by pumping, blowing, or siphoning before attaching the gauge, for any liquid in the hole will lower the closed pressure reading. The well should be closed long enough to allow the pressure to build up to its maximum. The length of time necessary for this purpose varies a great deal from field to field and well to well. The well should remain closed until the pressure will not build up more than 1 per cent in 10 minutes. Ordinarily, 24 hours...