A Short History of the Progress of Scientific Chemistry in Our Own TimesLongmans, Green and Company, 1899 - 276 pages |
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acetic acid action alcohol ammonia amount of heat argon atom of hydrogen atomic weights atoms of carbon Avogadro benzene Berzelius boiling carbon atoms carbon compounds carbonic acid CH₂ Chem chemical affinity chemical changes chemical combination Chemical Society chemists Chim chlorine CO.OH colour common constitution contain copper decomposition density discovery dissociation dissolved doctrine Dumas electric electrolyte elements employed equivalent ether ethyl ethylene example experimental experiments facts Faraday formula gaseous gases Gerhardt hydrogen chloride hypothesis idea Kekulé kind known large number Liebig liquefaction liquid ment metals method molecular molecules nature nitrogen observed obtained organic chemistry organic compounds oxide oxygen Pasteur peculiar polarised potassium pounds present pressure principle produced Professor properties proportion quantity racemic acid radicles recognised relation remarkable represent salts sodium solution substances succinic acid sugar sulphuric acid supposed tartaric acid temperature theory tion ture valency vapour volume
Popular passages
Page 18 - Newton generalized the law of attraction into a statement that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force which varies directly as the product of their masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them; and he thence deduced the law of attraction for spherical shells of constant density.
Page 76 - Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules...
Page 141 - Without offering any hypothesis regarding the cause of this symmetrical grouping of atoms, it is sufficiently evident, from the examples just given, that such a tendency or law prevails, and that, no matter what the character of the uniting atoms may be, the combining power of the attracting element, if I may be allowed the term, is always satisfied by the same number of these atoms.
Page 257 - On partially liquefying carbonic acid by pressure alone, and gradually raising at the same time the temperature to 88° F., the surface of demarcation between the liquid and gas became fainter, lost its curvature, and at last disappeared. The space was then occupied by a homogeneous fluid, which exhibited, when the pressure was suddenly diminished or the temperature slightly lowered, a peculiar appearance of moving or flickering strias throughout ita entire mass. At temperatures above 88...
Page 48 - Doubts and Paradoxes, touching the Experiments whereby Vulgar Spagirists are wont to endeavour to evince their Salt, Sulphur and Mercury, to be the true principles of things.
Page 17 - Chemical analysis and synthesis go no farther than to the separation of particles one from another, and to their reunion. No new creation or destruction of matter is within the reach of chemical agency. We might as well attempt to introduce a new planet into the solar system, or to annihilate one already in existence, as to create or destroy a particle of hydrogen.
Page 240 - We are thus forced to admit that, in an aggregate of molecules of any compound, there is an exchange constantly going on between the elements which are contained in it.
Page 258 - ... disappeared. The space was then occupied by a homogeneous fluid, which exhibited, when the pressure was suddenly diminished or the temperature slightly lowered, a peculiar appearance of moving or flickering striae throughout its entire mass. At temperatures above 88°, no apparent liquefaction of carbonic acid or separation into two distinct forms of matter could be effected, even when- a pressure of 300 or 400 atmospheres was applied. Nitrous oxide gave analogous results...
Page 52 - This image or spectrum PT was coloured, being red at its least refracted end T, and violet at its most refracted end p, and yellow, green, and blue in the intermediate spaces, which agrees with the first proposition, that lights which differ in colour do also differ in refrangibility.
Page 228 - All the facts show us that that power commonly called chemical affinity, can be communicated to a distance through the metals and certain forms of carbon; that the electric current is only another form of the forces of chemical affinity; that its power is in proportion to the chemical affinities producing it; that when it is deficient in force it may be helped by calling in chemical aid, the want in the former being made up by an equivalent of the latter; that, in other words, the forces termed chemical...