A Practical Treatise on Warming Buildings by Hot Water; on Ventilation, and the Various Methods of Distributing Artificial Heat, and Their Effects on Animal and Vegetable Physiology: To which are Added, an Inquiry Into the Laws of Radiant and Conducted Heat, the Chemical Constitution of Coal, and the Combustion of SmokeWhittaker and Company, 1855 - 386 pages |
Common terms and phrases
appears applied ascertained atmosphere boiler bottom buildings burning calculations carbonic acid cause chapter chimney circulation circumstances coal column combustion condensed conducting power consequence considerable contained cooling power cubic feet cubic foot degree dew point draught effect equal escape evaporation experiments exposed Fahrenheit feet of air fire flues fluid four inches diameter furnace bars gases given glass greater hard water heating surface height hot water hot-water apparatus increased invention iron latent heat length of pipe less loss of heat method minute mode moisture motion nearly obtained ordinary passing patent perature placed pressure principles produced proportion quantity of air quantity of heat quantity of pipe quantity of vapour quantity of water radiant heat radiation ratus result sensible heat smoke specific gravity specific heat square inch stove substances sufficient supposed Table temperature tion tube velocity ventilation vessel warming wrought iron
Popular passages
Page 130 - And why the same objects produce a diversity of emotions in different individuals, and even in the same individual at different times?
Page 157 - ... the velocity of the air. The retardation of the air by friction, in passing through straight tubes, will be directly as the length of the tube and the square of the velocity, and inversely as the diameter. In this way the action of chimneys is brought within the domain of science. There are, however, practical difficulties and special cases which usually come under the...
Page 141 - ... disengaging its oxygen ; that they decompose water to combine with its hydrogen, and to disengage, also, its oxygen ; that in fine, they sometimes borrow azote directly from the air, and sometimes indirectly from the oxide of ammonium, or from nitric acid ; thus working in every case, in a manner the inverse of that which is peculiar to animals ? If the animal kingdom constitutes an immense apparatus for combustion, the vegetable kingdom, in its turn constitutes an immense apparatus for reduction,...
Page 146 - ... of obtaining an exhaustive power consists in a rarefaction of the air in the external air ten feet high, when the temperature of the latter is 20° lower than that of the former. But as the height of the heated column is limited by the height of the tube or chimney, which we suppose to be only ten feet high, the colder column presses it upwards with a force proportionate to this difference in weight, and with a velocity equal to that acquired by a body falling through a space equal to the difference...
Page 161 - The application of coal, as a fuel, depends on the chemical change which it undergoes in uniting, by the agency of heat, with some body for which it possesses a powerful affinity. In all ordinary cases this effect is produced by its union with oxygen. When coal is entirely consumed, the carbon is wholly converted into carbonic acid gas and carbonic oxide, and the hydrogen into water in a state of vapour. The atmosphere supplies the necessary oxygen for this...
Page 141 - After the second inspiration, I lost all power of perceiving external things, and had no distinct sensation except a terrible oppression on the chest. During the third...
Page 91 - the heat extricated from air, when it undergoes a given condensation, is equal to three-eighths of the diminution of temperature required to produce the same condensation, the pressure being constant.
Page 119 - Dr James Johnson, speaking of the effects of impure air, says, ' that ague and fever, two of the most prominent features of the malarious influence, are as a drop of water in the ocean, when compared with the other less obtrusive but more dangerous maladies that silently disorganise the vital structure of the human fabric, under the influence of this deleterious and invisible poison.
Page 95 - Hood selected a pipe 30 inches long, 2^ inches diameter internally, and 3 inches diameter externally. The rates of cooling were tried with different states of the surface ; first, when covered with the usual brown surface of protoxide of iron ; next it was varnished black, and finally the varnish was scraped off, and the pipe painted white with two coats of lead paint.
Page 83 - when a body cools in vacua, surrounded by a medium whose temperature is constant, the velocity of cooling for excess of temperature in arithmetical progression increases as the terms of a geometrical progression, diminished by a constant quantity.