Sketch of ThermodynamicsEdmunston and Douglas, 1868 - 128 pages |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
absolute temperature action amount of heat application battery body caloric Carnot's function chemical affinity circuit Clausius compression conducting conductor conservation of energy consider cycle of operations cylinder deduced depends discovery Dissipation dt dt dynamical theory elastic electro-magnetic electromotive force employed engine Entropy equal equation equivalent of heat expended experimental experiments expression external foot-pounds friction gases give given heat and mechanical heat developed Helmholtz Hence investigations Joule Joule's kinetic energy latent heat light magnet mass Mayer mechanical effect molecules motion nature obtained P. G. TAIT paper particles perature phenomena Phil piston potential energy pressure principle produced proportional quantity of heat radiation Rankine reversible second law Séguin shell specific heat steam substance suppose surface t₁ theory of heat thermodynamics thermometer Thomson tion Trans transformation tricity velocity vessel vis viva whole zinc
Popular passages
Page 7 - It is hardly necessary to add that anything which any insulated body, or system of bodies, can continue to furnish without limitation, cannot possibly be a material substance; and it appears to me to be extremely difficult, if not quite impossible, to form any distinct idea of anything capable of being excited and communicated in the manner the Heat was excited and communicated in these experiments, except it be MOTION.
Page 55 - It was in the year 1843 that I read a paper ' On the Calorific Effects of Magneto-Electricity and the Mechanical Value of Heat ' to the chemical section of the British Association assembled at Cork.
Page 21 - That the quantity of heat capable of increasing the temperature of a pound of water (weighed in vacuo, and taken at between 55° and 60°) by 1° Fahr. requires for its evolution the expenditure of a mechanical force represented by the fall of 772 Ib. through the space of one foot*.
Page 31 - It is impossible by means of inanimate material agency to derive mechanical effect from any portion of matter by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects.
Page 54 - Work done on any system of bodies (in Newton's statement, the parts of any machine) has its equivalent in work done against friction, molecular forces, or gravity, if there be no acceleration ; but if there be acceleration, part of the work is expended in overcoming the resistance to acceleration, and the additional kinetic energy developed is equivalent to the work so spent.
Page 31 - It is impossible for a self-acting machine, unaided by any external agency, to convey heat from one body to another at a higher temperature ; or heat cannot of itself (that is, without compensation) pass from a colder to a warmer body.
Page 5 - Heat, then or that power which prevents the actual contact of the corpuscles of bodies, and which is the cause of our peculiar sensations of heat and cold, may be defined as a peculiar motion, probably a vibration, of the corpuscles of bodies, tending to separate them.
Page 30 - If an engine be such that, when it is worked backwards, the physical and mechanical agencies in every part of its motions are all reversed (see § 89), it produces as much mechanical effect as can be produced by any thermodynamic engine, with the same temperatures of source and refrigerator, from a given quantity of heat.
Page 11 - To deny it would be to overturn the whole theory of heat, in which it is the fundamental principle. It must be admitted, however, that the chief foundations on which the theory of heat rests, would require a most attentive examination. Several experimental facts appear nearly inexplicable in the actual state of this theory.
Page 6 - The immediate cause of the phenomena of heat then is motion, and the laws of its communication are precisely the same, as the laws of the communication of motion.