The Experimental Study of Gases: An Account of the Experimental Methods Involved in the Determination of the Properties of Gases, and of the More Important Researches Connected with the SubjectMacmillan and Company, limited, 1901 - 323 pages |
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absorbed absorption adjusted allowed apparatus argon atmospheric barometer boiling boiling-point bulb burette calculated calorimeter capillary tube carbon dioxide carbon monoxide closed cock coefficient coil compression condensed connected constant cooled copper correction critical cylinder density determined diameter electrodes employed equation ethylene evaporate exhausted experiments flask fraction fractional distillation gases gasholder gauge glass tube globe grams helium hydrogen introduced junction krypton liquefied liquid air litres Lord Rayleigh lower manometer means measuring metal method millimetres mixture necessary neon nitric oxide nitrogen observed obtained oxide oxygen passing pentoxide of phosphorus piece pipette placed platinum plug potash pump pure quantity of gas Ramsay ratio Rayleigh readings reagent Regnault removed rubber tube scale screw sealed shown in Fig side-tube small quantity solid solution specific heat spectrum stopcock stopper sulphuric acid surface syphon telescope thermometer tube containing U-tube vacuum-vessel vapour pressure vertical vessel volume weight xenon
Popular passages
Page 2 - Avogadro's hypothesis that equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules...
Page 172 - On partially liquefying carbonic acid by pressure alone, and gradually raising at the same time the temperature to 88° Fahr., the surface of demarcation between the liquid and gas became fainter, lost its curvature, and at last disappeared. The space was then occupied by a homogeneous fluid, which exhibited, when the pressure was suddenly diminished or the temperature slightly lowered, a peculiar appearance of moving or flickering striae throughout its entire mass. At temperatures above 88°...
Page 105 - ... litres consist of a mixture of nitrogen and argon. To absorb the nitrogen contained in this quantity of gas by conversion into nitride, 4 kilograms of magnesium would be required theoretically, but in order to cover loss through leakage and incomplete action, 5 kilograms of the metal are employed. The absorption of the oxygen and nitrogen was conducted in three stages. In the first, the oxygen was removed by means of metallic copper ; in the second, the nitrogen was passed twice over metallic...
Page 172 - At temperatures above 88° no apparent liquefaction of carbonic acid, or separation into two distinct forms of matter, could be effected, even when a pressure of 300 or 400 atmospheres was applied. Nitrous oxide gave analogous results.
Page 214 - ... the reservoir was then lowered so as to remove the lower-boiling portions of the liquid. During this distillation, which took place at constant temperature, the pressure on the boiling air was kept as low as possible. This gas subsequently turned out to be rich in neon, and to contain helium.* The remainder of the argon boiled back into the gasometer until the last few drops were left ; the residue solidified, and finally gave a gas to which we gave the name metargon ; it was collected in mercury...
Page 197 - The hydrogen from the compressor under a pressure of 200 atmospheres enters the liquefier through the tube, and passes through a coil A, which is cooled to — 80° C. in a mixture of solid carbonic acid and alcohol. It then enters the coil contained in the chamber B, which is continually replenished with liquid air during an experiment. The lower portion of this coil passes into the chamber...
Page 108 - B, the taps d and t were again turned, and atmospheric nitrogen was allowed to flow through the magnesium tube, as in the first stage of this operation. When the gasometer C had become full of the mixture of nitrogen and argon, as it did at the end of every third or fourth operation, it became necessary to reduce its volume by further absorption of nitrogen. The method employed, which was first described by Maquenne...
Page 108 - Maquenne,* consisted in passing the gas through a hard glass tube containing a mixture of magnesium powder and lime, heated to a dull red heat in a combustion furnace. The lime was obtained by thoroughly calcining precipitated chalk in a muffle. The nitrogen continued to be completely absorbed as long as calcium remained unattacked, so that the product of this operation consisted of pure * ' Compt. Rend.,
Page 106 - It was of course necessary to confine the gas over water between the successive stages of purification, and finally to store the gaseous argon in the same way. On account of the considerable solubility of argon in water, this would have entailed no small loss if the quantity of water with which it had been brought into contact had been large. We consequently decided to make use of gas-holders of the gasometer type, in which the water was contained in an annular space of small capacity. Balance weights...
Page 214 - Fio. 2. entered through the tube a into the bulb b, of some 25 cc capacity, surrounded by liquid air contained in a double-walled vacuum jacket. The air was made to boil under a low pressure of a few centimetres of mercury by means of a Fleuss pump attached to the tube c. The argon rapidly and completely liquefied to a colourless mobile liquid ; it showed no absorption spectrum. Its volume was about 17'4 cc By turning the tap if.