An Encyclopædia of Civil Engineering, Historical, Theoretical, and Practical

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1847 edition. Excerpt: ..."Masonry After the foundation platforms arc completed, then the mason to commence with his work. u Dressing of ashlar.--The whole of the stones which compose the piers and abutments must be truly squared throughout, and should have chisel drafts round the faces, beds, backs, and end joints, and be truly pick-dressed down the drafts. The outside face work, from the bottom of the foundation to the level of low water line, should be broached in horizontal lines, not coarser than eighteen to a foot. "Granite facings should be of uniform colour and quality, and laid in alternate courses of headers and stretchers; the headers, where they have 2 feet in length of face, are to have as much on the bed; the stretchers should be 6 inches longer, and not less than a foot in width on the bed. Each stone should be tridy squared, and fair dressed on the beds and joints, full throughout, the backs scapelled, and the fronts rough picked; the front arris being axed or chisel drafted, so as to make a close joint on the face. "Ashlar hearting.--The hearting masonry to the piers or abutments to be squared ashlar, well dressed, and laid in courses of uniform thickness throughout, and agreeing with that of the facing; no stone should contain less in its bed than 4 superficial feet, and should be of a size to break joint at least a foot with the stones adjoining. "Freestone masonry of piers and abutments should be laid in alternate courses of headers and stretchers; the headers not to present an outside face of less than 2 feet, and all to extend at least 3 feet in length into the body of the work; the stretchers not less than 3 feet in length, and in breadth 2 feet on the bed. u No stone used in the interior of the work to have less than 4...