author gives an analysis of a mineral, erroneously supposed to be bauxite, which is found in considerable quantities interbedded in crystalline schists. The mineral is of a white to yellowish-brown colour. For the analysis, pure white specimens were selected. results were as follows::

SiO.. Al2O3. CaO. K.O. Na2O. SO3. P205. 1:30 38.00 0.75 3.75 4.54 38.85 0.88 The remainder consists of water and organic substance.

The

H2O at 100°. 0:45

B. H. B.

Manganotantalite from the Ural. By A. ARZRUNI (Jahrb. f. Min., 1888, i, Ref., 18, from Trans. Imp. Russ. Min. Soc.).—The crystal described was found in the Bakakin gold washings in the Sanarka district, in the south of the Ural. It exhibits the planes csPco, csPcs, OP, ¿Ï∞, †P∞, P2, P2. It is semi-metallic and nearly black. In very thin layers the colour is orange to ruby-red. Sp. gr. 737. Analyses gave the following results :

TagОs. Nb05. SnO2 + WOз. FeO. MnO. CaO. Ignition. Total. 79.81 4.47 1.17 13.88 0.17 0.16 100.33

0.67

These results correspond with the formula 11MnTaO, + FeNbO. This mineral, of which as yet only one crystal has been found, is the member of the tantalite group richest in manganese and tantalum.

B. H. B.

Kainosite, a new Mineral from Hitterö, in Norway. By A. E. NORDENSKIÖLD (Zeit. Kryst. Min., 13, 399-400, from Geol. Fören. Förhandl., 8, 143-146).—In consequence of the unusual composition of this new mineral, the author has termed it kainosite from Kaivos (strange). It consists of a calcium yttrium silicate, mixed with a carbonate and water. The only specimen found is a portion of a hexagonal prism. The optical examination, however, shows that it belongs, not to the hexagonal, but to the rhombic or to the monoclinic system. The mineral is semi-transparent, yellowish-brown, and birefractive. Its hardness is 5'5, and sp. gr. 3413. Analysis gave the following results:

SiO. YO+ ErgО3. CaO. MgO. FeO. Na2O. CO2. H2O. Total. 34.63 37.67 15.95 0.03 0.26 0.40 5.90 5.26 100-10 corresponding with the formula 4SiO2,CO2,Y2O3(Er2O3),2CaO,2H2O.

B. H. B.

Chemical Nature of Eudialite. By C. RAMMELSBERG (Jahrb. f. Min., 1887, ii, Ref., 449-451, from Sitzber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., 24, 441-461).-The author has analysed specimens of this rare silico-zirconate from the principal localities at which it is found. The results of his analyses were as follows:

I. Eudialite from Kangerdluarsuk, Greenland; II. From Brevig, Norway; III. From Sigterö, Norway; IV. From Arö, Norway. The formula given by the author for the eudialite of Greenland and of Brevig is NaC1,2RR" (Si, Zr)10026, and for the eudialite of Sigterö and Arö is NaCl, R'12R",(Si,Zr) 25065

B. H. B.

Zeolites from Chili. By L. DARAPSKY (Jahrb. f. Min., 1888, i, Mem., 65-67).-The author has subjected various zeolites, from the mineralogical collection of the National Museum of Santiago, to chemical examination. The analytical results were as follows:

SiO2. Al2O3. CaO. NagO. H2O. KO. Fe2O3.

Total.

I. Hypostilbite from altered amygdaloidal porphyry at the Hacienda La Quinta at Curicó; formula, 2CaO,2Al2O3,9SiO2,9H2O. II. Okenite from the Rio Putagan; formula, 2CaO,3SiO2,3H2O. This appears to be identical with the zeolite from Greenland termed bordite by Dufrénoy. III. Scolezite, accompanying the okenite; sp. gr. 2:15; formula, CaO,Al2O3,3SiO2.3H2O. IV. Typical mesolite from the Desert of Atacama. V. A dense form of the same mineral coating the weathered rock of the Rodaito Mines in the Province of Coquimbo. VI. Prehnite, in green globular masses, from the Rodaito Mines, associated with calcite crystals, and containing small, black scales or wires of natural amalgam (Ag9Hg). B. H. B.

Manganese-bearing Idocrase from Sweden. By L. J. IGELSTRÖM (Jahrb. f. Min., 1887, ii, Ref., 453, from Bull. soc. franç. min., 9, 22-24). The mineral occurs with manganese-garnet, manganeseepidote, and manganese-silicate in limestone at the Jakobsberg manganese mine in Wermland. The crystals exhibit the forms OP, coP, coPco, P. In thick plates, the colour is black; in powder, darkviolet. In thin sections, the mineral is highly pleochroic, having an amethyst and orange colour. In chemical composition it is character

ised by a remarkably high percentage of manganese, copper, and lead, as is shown by the following analytical results :

SiO2. Al2O3. FeO. MnO. CuO. РЬО. CaO. 38.07 15.88 5:08 4.72 2.16 1.80 25.60

MgO. Total.

5.07 98.38 B. H. B.

Beryl from Madagascar. By A. DAMOUR (Jahrb. f. Min., 1888, i, Ref., 9, from Bull. soc. franç. min., 9, 153-154).-The crystal described was found with tourmaline, quartz, and triphane at Farafatrana, on the east coast of Madagascar. It is characterised by its pink colour. Its composition is as follows:

SiO2. Al2O3. BeO. FeO. MnO. CaO. Ignition. 66.56 18.66 12:47 0.09 0.21 0.06 2.30

Total. 100.35

Sp. gr.

2.72

B. H. B.

So-called Soda Granites. By A. GERHARD (Jahrb. f. Min., 1887, ii, Mem., 267-275).- Although in the analyses of most granites, the percentage of potash exceeds that of soda, yet certain granites are known in which the opposite is the case. Attention was first drawn to such granites in 1856 by Haughton, who termed them soda-granites. The author has made a series of careful analyses of typical examples of these rocks, and finds that in the granites of Baveno, both the red and the white varieties, and in those of Bejby in Sweden, the soda is not, as stated by former observers, in excess of the potash. These rocks, consequently, should no longer be regarded as soda-granites.

In the granite of Ulferud, in Sweden, the author finds 74.77 per cent. of silica, 2.65 per cent. of potash, and 4:40 per cent. of soda, thus confirming the results obtained by Hummel and Erdmann. This rock is thus a true soda-granite. In addition to microcline, orthoclase, quartz, muscovite, biotite, zircon, and apatite, it contains a plagioclase-felspar, which gave on analysis the following results :

and must therefore be regarded as an almost pure albite.

B. H. B.

Albite in Norwegian Pegmatites. By A. LACROIX (Jahrb. f. Min., 1887, ii, Ref., 455, from Bull. soc. franç. min., 9, 131–134).— The albite in the pegmatite veins of Moss, Hitterö, and Ytterby is always emplanted on microcline, and is accompanied by quartz, calcite, and a mica differing from the muscovite of the rock. The crystals are poorly developed, the predominating form being coPco. Bands of albite contained in the microcline appear to be younger than that mineral. An analysis of the albite of Garta near Arendal gave the following results:

SiO2. Al2O3. Na O. K2O.
68.40 19.89 10.69 0.90

Total. 99.88

Sp. gr.
2.601

B. H. B.

Griqualandite. By B. H. BROUGH (Chem. News, 56, 244).-The author shows that the analysis of the supposed new mineral described

by Hepburn (Abstr., 1887, 709) as griqualandite, corresponds more closely with the simple formula H2O, Fe2O3,4SiO2, than with the more complicated formula given. The percentage compositions demanded. by the two formulæ are—

The formula H2O, Fe,O,,4SiO, for griqualandite is analogous to that of crocidolite, aegirine, and arfvedsonite, Na2O,Fe2O3,4SiO2. Griqualandite must therefore be regarded as a crocidolite in which hydrogen is substituted for sodium. It is not a pseudomorph after crocidolite, but rather a fibrous hornblende or uralite resulting from the alteration of that mineral. B. H. B.

Mineral Veins. By F. SANDBERGER (Zeit. Kryst. Min., 13, 409417). This memoir is an abstract of the second volume of the author's treatise on mineral veins, in which he brings forward further evidence in support of the lateral secretion theory of the genesis of mineral veins. This theory assumes that water percolating through the country-rock has, by the aid of carbonic acid and other natural solvents, dissolved out of it all the minerals now forming the constituents of mineral veins. The greater portion of the volume is occupied by a discussion of the genesis of mineral veins in crystalline and stratified rocks.

In discussing the tin-ore veins in lithionite-granite, the author applies the term protolithionite to a dark lithium mica found in the granite masses of Cornwall, the Erzgebirge, and the Fichtelgebirge. In this mica, as much as 0.22 per cent. of tin oxide has been detected. The deposition of the tin ore, of zinnwaldite, and of turmaline in fissures in the granite is due to the decomposition of this mica. Prosopite is formed by the action of dissolved calcium carbonate on topaz. The fluorine derived from the mica explains the presence of fluorspar in the veins. Tin has also been detected in the potassiummica of Villeder in Morbihan, and consequently the author regards the tin-ore veins of that district as formed by lateral secretion, whilst he regards the tin ore in the pegmatite of Finbo, in the beds of Pitkäranta and Breitenbrunn, as primitive. At Marienberg in Saxony, tin-ore veins occur in gneiss. In their formation by being dissolved out of the mica in the country-rock, the constituents, silica and tin oxide, least soluble in alkaline carbonates, were deposited first; then followed arsenic and copper; then cobalt and nickel ores, barytes (derived from the orthoclase of the country-rock); and lastly calcite and silver ores. Secondary mica is absent. In the mica of the micaschist of Ehrenfriedersdorf, which is traversed by tin-ore veins, tin, arsenic, and fluorine have been detected. Lastly, small quantities of tin have been discovered in the phyllites of various districts. In those of Eibenstock and Johanngeorgenstadt, boron has also been found. This discovery enables the formation of interstratified turmaline-schist in these phyllites to be explained. The tin-ore deposits in

VOL. LIV.

limestone at Campiglia were undoubtedly derived from an eruptive rock in the vicinity.

The Freiberg gneiss is extremely rich in mica, and in this mineral the majority of the metals occurring in the veins of that district have been detected. The barytes, however, appears to have been derived from the felspar of the country-rock. The metals contained in eruptive rocks of recent age, for instance, in the basalt of Strieth and in the phonolite of Hohenkrähen, segregate in fissures as magnetic or iron pyrites or as hydrated ferric oxide. The ore veins of Transylvania and of America are thought by the author to have been formed in a similar manner by leaching out of the andesites, &c. In the micas of Hungarian rocks, all the metals occurring in the mineral veins are found, whilst fluorine is absent. This is in accord with the known rare occurrence of fluorspar in those veins. The barytes is derived from the anorthic felspar of the country-rocks. At the Comstock lode, the lateral secretion theory has been confirmed by the discovery of the precious metals in the augite of the countryrock. The mineral veins of Caracoles in Jurassic limestone have been derived from the adjacent quartz-trachyte. The metals in this rock are contained for the most part in the hornblende, whilst in the felspar is contained a considerable proportion of barium, which appears in the veins as barytes. B. H. B.

Composition of the Meteorite of Saint-Denis-Westrem. By C. KLEMENT (Jahrb. f. Min., 1888, i, Ref., 45, from Bull. mus. roy. hist. nat. Belg., 4, 273-282).-The analysis of the meteorite from SaintDenis-Westrem in East Flanders, gave the following results :

From these results, the author calculates the following mineralogical composition :-Chrome-iron, (FeCr2O.), 133; iron sulphide, (Fe,S.), 537; nickel-iron, 8:48; bronzite, 26 18; olivine, 46 41. The remaining 14:01 per cent., which consists of

Mineral Springs in the Peninsula of Methana. By A. K. DAMBERGIS (Ber., 20, 3328-3330).—The sulphur springs of Methana rise on the coast on the east side of the Chelona range near the village of Wromolimni, at about the sea level. The temperature of the water-which rises in more than 24 springs forming three separate groups-varies from 26 4° to 31°; the specific gravity of the water varies from 1.02865 to 102882. The water, when examined under the