Biennial ReportThe Survey, 1904 |
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abundant acres average bad lands Beaver creek bluffs boulders brown clay shale Cannon Ball channel coal seam Coteau du Missouri Cretaceous crops DAKOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY deposits depth Dickinson drift east elevation erosion feet thick flow fossils GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PLATE grass gravel Gray clay shale Heart river hills inches Kildeer Kildeer mountains Knife river Lake Laramie formation layers lignite outcrop Lignite seam limonite lower material Medora Mikkleson Miles City miles north Missouri river mouth Niobrara NORTH DAKOTA GEOLOGICAL Northern Pacific railroad occur Pembina plain plant portion pumping railroad rain rainfall ranch Range region RELATION TO IRRIGATION rock sand sandstone sandy clay seen Sentinel Butte Sheyenne river side slopes Spring creek square miles strata stream summer surface terraces thin tion Tobacco Garden creek topography Township tributaries upland upper vegetation velocity vicinity water level weir width Williston winds
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Page 13 - The lignites taken as a whole will probably average better than the results indicate, for in many cases fresh material could not be obtained, and the weathering on the surface of a natural exposure is sufficient to lessen the carbon values for some feet from the surface.
Page 9 - Opportunities to irrigate in North Dakota are confined to the broad terraces along the Missouri and its tributaries. These streams are deeply intrenched, and it does not seem possible by any means now available to raise water from them over the bluffs that rather sharply bound the broad valleys — a vertical distance of from 150 to 400 feet — and irrigate the upland. Missouri River has a fall of about 2 feet per mile and...
Page 39 - ... exist in the larger flats on Missouri River. Much of the land in these flats is, however, already in private ownership. The flats that lie within the Fort Berthold Reservation form the only exception to this statement. In choosing among the Missouri River flats for one where reclamation by pumping may be tried under most favorable conditions, a number of factors must be kept in mind. Nearness to a railroad and a market are as essential as an abundance of cheap fuel and good land. An active interest...
Page 16 - There may bi, 10,000 acres along the stream that could be irrigated if it can be shown that water can be found for so large an area. To be taken with the Little Muddy River flats are 3,000 or 4,000 acres on the Missouri at Williston. The valley for 15 miles is broad and seems to offer no point where a short wall can retain any considerable amount of water. If a dam were erected above this point, the water from some of the principal tributaries which empty below would be lost. There is an abundance...
Page 184 - In using the ordinary weir, it should be placed at right angles to the direction of flow of the stream, the upstream face being in a vertical plane. The crest and sides should be chamfered so as to slope downward on the lower side with an angle of not less than 30°, while the crest itself should be horizontal and the ends vertical. The dimensions of the notch should be sufficient to carry the entire stream and still leave the depth of water on the crest not less than five inches. The sectional area...
Page 168 - Because it is rny present belief that all true marine waters were withdrawn from the interior portion of this continent at the beginning of the Laramie epoch, no true marine strata are in this memoir recognized as belonging to the Laramie formation. While I am not now prepared to admit that the open ocean made incursions upon the great Laramie inland sea after it had become established as such at the close of the Montana epoch, it is reasonable to infer that it had somewhere a more or less restricted...
Page 193 - Evaporation we make to include direct evaporation from the surface of the earth, or from water- surfaces, and also the water taken up by vegetation, most of which is transpired as vapor, but a portion of which is taken permanently into the organisms of the plants. Stream-flow includes the water which passes directly over the surface to the stream, and also that which is temporarily absorbed by the earth to be slowly discharged into the streams.
Page 192 - ... the earth are taken up by the process which we call evaporation and formed into clouds, to be again precipitated to earth in the form of rain or snow. Of the water which falls upon the basin of a stream, a portion is evaporated directly by the sun; another large portion is taken up by...
Page 16 - Muddy is the main tributary of the Missouri from the east and north in North Dakota. Its drainage area includes nearly one-half of Williams County, or 700 square miles. In addition to a water supply from direct rainfall, it is fed by a number of perennial springs. On June 27, 1903, it had a flow of 18 secondfeet, an amount said to be normal for that season of the year.
Page 31 - Cedar and along both streams for 60 miles above their junction. On account of the meandering of the rivers, and the rather limited width of the terraces, more than 600 acres are rarely found in a single tract. With the data now at hand it does not seem practicable to irrigate areas larger than this by pumping from a single fixed station.