The Chemistry of the SunMacmillan and Company, 1887 - 457 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
absorption Ångström appear atomic band barium bright lines Bunsen Bunsen burner calcium carbon chemical elements chemistry chromosphere cobalt coincident colour complex compound considerable continuous spectrum dark lines diagram dissociation eclipse electric elementary bodies employed exist experiments F line fact faculæ flame fluted spectra Fraunhofer lines give hydrogen lines hypothesis impurity incandescent increased intensity iron lines Kirchhoff layer light light-source limb lines seen lithium longest lines magnesium manganese method millimetre molecular molecules nickel number of lines obtained pass phenomena Phil photographs photosphere poles prism Proc produced prominences rays referred refrangible region result reversed short lines slit sodium solar atmosphere solar lines solar prominences solar spectrum spark spectra spectroscope spectrum of iron spots stars strontium substances sun-spot sun's atmosphere telescope temperature terrestrial Thalén thickness titanium tube vapour velocity vibrations violet visible wave-length widened widened lines yellow
Popular passages
Page 245 - It is abundantly clear that if the so-called elements, or more properly speaking their finest atoms — those that give us line spectra — are really compounds, the compounds must have been formed at a very high temperature. It is easy to imagine that there may be no superior limit to temperature, and therefore no superior limit beyond which such combinations are possible...
Page 52 - ... of those fundamental modes, if some of the incident light is of one or other of their periods, or some of one and some of the other; so that the energy of the waves of those particular qualities of light is converted into thermal vibrations of the medium and dispersed in all directions, while light of all other qualities, even though very nearly agreeing with them, is transmitted with comparatively no loss. (5) That...
Page 174 - ... this latter being invariably thicker than the H lines in all photographs of the calcium spectrum, and remaining, moreover, visible in the spectrum of substances containing calcium in such small quantities as not to show any traces of the H lines. " How far this and similar variations between photographic records and the solar spectrum are due to causes incident to the photographic record itself, or to variations in the intensities of the various molecular vibrations under solar and terrestrial...
Page 207 - we may conceive that in remote ages the temperature of matter was much higher than it is now, and that these other things [the ideal elements] existed in the state of perfect gases — separate existences — uncombined." He further suggested, from spectroscopic evidence, that it is probable that "we may one day.
Page 166 - That occasionally photospheric matter appears to be injected into the chromosphere. May not these facts indicate that the absorption to which the reversal of the spectrum and the Fraunhofer lines are due takes place in the photosphere itself or extremely near to it, instead of in an extensive outer absorbing atmosphere ? And is not this conclusion strengthened by the consideration that FIRST otherwise the newly-discovered bright lines in the solar FAPER' spectrum itself should be themselves reversed...
Page v - It is conceivable that the various kinds of matter, now recognized as different elementary substances, may possess one and the same ultimate or atomic molecule existing in different conditions of movement.
Page 11 - The line A that bounds the red side of the spectrum is somewhat confused, which seems in part owing to want of power in the eye to converge red light. The line B, between red and green, in a certain position of the prism, is perfectly distinct; so also are D and E, the two limits of violet. But C, the limit of green and blue, is not so clearly marked as the rest ; and there are also, on each side of this limit, other distinct dark lines, / and g, either of which, in an imperfect experiment, might...
Page 159 - ... increased quantity, the spectrum of the compound consists in the main of channelled spaces and bands, which increase in like manner. In short, the molecules of a simple body and...
Page 158 - Friswell was requested to prepare two lists, showing broadly the chief chemical characteristics of the elements traced and not traced in the sun. The Tables showed that, in the main, those metals which had been traced formed stable compounds with oxygen.
Page 206 - The recent researches of Henry Ste. -Claire Deville and others go far to show that this breaking up of compounds, or dissociation of elements by intense heat, is a principle of .universal application ; so that we may suppose that all the elements which make up the sun or our planet would, when so intensely heated as to be in...