A Manual of Chemistry, on the Basis of Professor Brande's: Containing the Principal Facts of the Science, Arranged in the Order in which They are Discussed and Illustrated in the Lectures at Marvard University, N.E. ... and Several Other Colleges in the United States. Compiled from the Works of the Most Distinguished Chemists ...

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Richardson and Lord, 1828 - 619 pages
 

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Page 61 - ... the angle of reflection is always equal to the angle of incidence, the image for any point can be seen only in the reflected ray prolonged.
Page 262 - There was a violent effervescence at the upper surface ; at the lower, or negative surface, there was no liberation of elastic fluid ; but small globules having a high metallic lustre, and being precisely similar in visible characters to quicksilver, appeared, some of which burnt with explosion and bright flame, as soon as they were formed, and others remained, and were merely tarnished, and finally covered by a white film which formed on their surfaces.
Page 456 - This analysis is easily made by exposing a known quantity of marble for about half an hour to a full white heat, by which means the carbonic acid gas is entirely expelled, so that by the loss in weight the quantity of each ingredient, supposing the marble to have been pure, is at once determined. In order to ascertain that the whole loss is owing to the escape of carbonic acid, the quality of this gas may be determined by a comparative analysis. Into a small flask containing...
Page 458 - ... potassa. This sulphuret is then dissolved in muriatic acid, and the manganese thrown down as usual by means of an alkali. But if the manganese be the chief ingredient, the best method is to precipitate it at once, together with the two earths, by a fixed alkaline carbonate at a boiling temperature. The precipitate, after being exposed to a low red heat and weighed, is put into cold water, acidulated with a drop or two of nitric acid, when the lime and magnesia will be slowly dissolved with effervescence....
Page 600 - Three volumes of hydrogen combine with one volume of nitrogen to form two volumes of ammonia ; and half a volume of oxygen on combining with carbon to form carbonic oxide, becomes a whole volume.
Page 91 - In this space the hollow vessel c may move freely up and down. The interval is filled with water as high as the top of the inner cylinder. The cup, or rim, at the top of the outer vessel, is to prevent the water from overflowing, when the vessel c is forcibly pressed down, in which situation it is placed whenever gas is about to be collected.
Page 456 - Of this hydrated peroxide, forty-nine parts contain forty of the anhydrous peroxide of iron. But the most accurate mode of determining its quantity is by expelling the water by a red heat. This operation, however, should be done with care; since any adhering particles of paper, or other combustible matter, would bring the iron into the state of black oxide, a change which is known to have occurred by the iron being attracted by a magnet.
Page 380 - ... the carding will prevent the metal from running away, and in a few minutes it will cool and take the impression, without the slightest injury to the paper from which it was taken.
Page 458 - The mineral is reduced to a very fine powder, mixed intimately with six times its weight of the artificial carbonate of baryta and exposed for an hour to a white heat. The ignited mass is dissolved in dilute muriatic acid, and the solution evaporated to perfect dryness. The soluble parts are taken up in hot water; an excess of the carbonate of ammonia is added ; and the insoluble matters, consisting of silica, carbonate of baryta, and all the constituents of the mineral, excepting the fixed alkali,...
Page 597 - ... description of this scale may be transcribed, as a further illustration of the powers of the instrument. " If, for instance, the salt under examination be the common blue vitriol, or crystallized sulphate of copper, the first obvious questions are — (1) How much sulphuric acid does it contain ? (2) How much oxide of copper ? (3) How much water? He [the analytic chemist] may not be satisfied with these first steps in the analysis, but may desire to know further the quantities (4) of sulphur,...

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