IN WEEKLY VOLUMES, price 3d.; or in Cloth, áð. CASSELL'S NATIONAL LIBRARY. Edited by HENRY MORLEY, LL.D. III. The Diary of Samuel Pepys (Oct., 1667, to March, 1668). 114. Much Ado about Nothing JOHN JEWEL. DON MANOEL GONZALES. 115 & 116. Sketches of Persia. 2 vols. .. 117. The Shepherds' Calendar SIR JOHN MALCOLM. 118. The Black Death, and The Dancing Mania J. F. C. HECKER. 119. Coriolanus WM. SHAKESPEARE. 120. The Diary of Samuel Pepys (March to Nov., 1668). 121. Areopagitica, &c. .. JOHN MILTON. 122, The Victories of Love, and other Poems CoVENTRY PATMORE. 126. The Diary of Samuel Pepys (Nov. 1668, to end). 127. The Old English Baron 128 King Henry IV. (Part 1) 129. Lives of Pyrrhus, Camillus, &c... 130. Essays and Tales .. 131. Lives of Addison, Savage, and Swift 132. King Henry IV. (Part 2) CLARA REEVE. WM. SHAKESPEARE. PLUTARCH. JOSEPH ADDISON. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 133. Essays and Tales.. 134. Marmion 135. The Existence of God.. 136. The Merry Wives of Windsor 137. The Schoolmaster 138. Lives of Dion, Brutus, Artaxerxes, &c. WM. SHAKESPEARE, WM. SHAKESPEARE. The next Volume will be A Tour through the Eastern Counties of England, 1722. By DANIEL DEFOE. ** For List of the First and Second Years' Volumes of Cassell's NATIONAL LIBRARY see advertisement pages in this Book. CASSELL'S NATIONAL LIBRARY. PLUTARCH'S LIVES OF DION, BRUTUS, ARTAXERXES, TRANSLATED BY J. & W. LANGHORNE. BELLE LIBRARY CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED: LONDON, PARIS, NEW YORK & MELBOURNE. 1888. INTRODUCTION. THIS Volume consists mainly of Plutarch's Parallel Lives of Dion and Brutus, with the shorter single Lives of Artaxerxes and two Roman Emperors. Dion and Brutus had especial interest for Plutarch as two men who brought the philosopher's mind into the business of life. Each life also has a main feature in resistance to the tyranny, actual or dreaded, of a single head over the state. Plutarch may have in some respects idealised Dion as a type of intellectual antagonism to the tyrants of Syracuse. With Dionysius the elder he was closely allied by marriages. If he learned philosophy from Plato, when the philosopher came to Syracuse, contempt of wealth was not a part of it, for he heaped up enormous riches; and contempt of men who did not live like philosophers, among whom was the younger Dionysius, may also have passed the bounds of pure philosophy. At any rate, after banishment without confiscation followed at last confiscation of his goods, and it was then that Dion overthrew the tyrant, and ruled with an austerity that caused the people to believe that they had only exchanged one tyrant for another. He was assassinated before it could be made clear that he was aiming at a noble reconstruction of the state. He deposed Dionysius in the year 356 B.C.; but because in the opinion of many he was not himself an improvement on the tyrant he was assassinated three years later by Callippus, one of his own followers. Yet he had long condemned the tyranny he overthrew, had surely dreamt of rational liberty, and hope in man, justice and |