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their eagerness to make some effort to save themselves, overlook the risk which they incur of hastening their destruction. We shall, in a subsequent article, produce very satisfactory proof, that the deplorable state of the West Indies, is owing to an excessive cultivation of sugar all over the colonies. While the whole or the greater part of this reaches the market of Europe, there will be a glut, and the price will continue extremely low. No measures which our maritime superiority enables us to pursue, can prevent a considerable portion of this produce from finding its way over. Another portion will be captured by our cruizers in its attempts to reach the forbidden markets, and will, of course, come into our own market. In the mean time, the enemy will be enforcing his prohibitions with a rigour not likely to be diminish ed by our blockade of his islands; he will certainly obstruct the importation of our produce into the continental market, and assist the present tendency of the people in many parts of Europe to lessen their consumption of such articles. But, while the prices are thus prevented from rising so high as the West India body expects, the cost of raising the produce will be greatly increased. A war with America must not only raise the price of lumber and provisions, but increase incalculably the charges of freight and insurance. Let us only reflect, that during the last American war, (long may it be called the last !) West India premiums rose from five to twenty-three guineas per cent.; that the underwriters were, notwithstanding, ruined; that in the two first years of the contest, the Americans captured 733 of our ships; and we shall be convinced, that the inconsiderable rise in the price of sugar, which is all the planters can expect, will be much more than counterbalanced by the increased expense of making and trans porting it. But we are told, that such a blockade of the enemy's colonies must be enforced, as shall compel their planters to abandon the cultivation of the staple articles. This is utterly impossible, unless we pursue a mode of warfare too horrible to be described. For if our blockade succeeds so as to starve the islands, they will surrender and by what law of war can we refuse to receive them? No one ever pretended that war gives a belligerent the right to do more than take possession of a subdued enemy; and, surely, the planters do not mean to insist that we should force all the foreign colonies into a state of universal anarchy, like that of St Domingo, in order to raise the price of the sugars in Jamaica and Barbadoes?

A variety of more general reasonings might be offered to show that the planters cannot expect to benefit by any system tending to increase the difficulties under which the rest of the community at present labour. A diminution of the national income is likely to af

fect,

fect, in the first instance, those who raise articles of mere superfluity: Bankruptcies and other great misfortunes in the commercial world, must injure those most of all who chiefly trade upon borrowed capital: The same class of men is sure to feel most seriously the draining of the money market, which always attends an aug. mented scale of public expenditure.-But, without entering into these considerations, we believe enough has been said to show, that the immediate interests of the West India body are likely to suffer as much as those of the country at large, by the adoption of the rash counsels which they have lately been pressing upon the government.

The inference which is suggested by the dry and tedious discussion now brought to a close, is, that there are no points at present in dispute between England and America, so important in themselves as to justify a war. The claim of searching ships of war must, both in justice and in prudence, be abandoned;—it is at once unfounded and unprofitable. The right of searching merchant ships is clearly ours; it is of some value, and should be insisted upon in the manner formerly pointed out. It is neither our right nor our interest to destroy the American carrying trade; and, in our endeavours to limit the benefit which our enemies derive from it, we should be satisfied with such regulations as may increase the obstacles already thrown in the way of fraudulent transactions, and perhaps augment the expenses of the circuitous voyage.

The doctrines we have now delivered, will not, we are much afraid, be very popular at this moment among the greater part of our readers; but, if they are substantially right, we have no doubt of their being ultimately adopted. The cry for the vigorous assertion of our naval rights, is partly founded in mere popular clamour, and partly in very rash and erroneous views of policy. Hostility with America can only be justified upon the principle of hostility with all neutrals; and this, we have attempted to show, leads evidently not to the increase of our trade, but to the suppression of all legal trade whatsoever, and the creation of a vast contraband, by which the enemy would profit at least as much as the power that produced it. We love our country, and are proud of its glory, and jealous of its privileges and customs. We feel intimately persuaded, that, while England remains unconquered, she is happy beyond all other nations, be her rulers as weak or as wicked as they may. But it is precisely because these are our feelings, that we wish to see no new rights asserted, and no new wrongs laid to our charge; and that we look with regret and aversion to the probable alienation of the only independent state with which we are still in amity.

ART.

ART. II. Specimens of the Later English Poets, with Preliminary Notices. By Robert Southey. 3 vol. 8vo. London. Longman & Co. 1807.

WE E opened, with considerable curiosity, a work, entitled, Specimens of the Later English Poets, bearing the name of an editor so conspicuous for the singularity of his tenets in matters of poetical taste. Unable, however, to coincide with the editor in comprehending the distinct object of the publication, we have closed his volumes with the disappointment of perceiving, that nine tenths of his poets so denominated, have no visible title to such a name; and, that in almost every instance, his selections from the real tribe of Parnassus, are specimens of their secondary, if not of their worst compositions.

The work professes to form a worthy sequel to Mr Ellis's Specimens of the Early English Poets. Mr Ellis ends with the reign of Charles II., this begins with that of James II. The work of Ellis is valuable on two considerations; it contains abundance of good poetry, and it is a cabinet of antiquarian curiosities. But in the tomes before our eye, Mr Southey seems to produce his specimens with no satisfaction to himself. The prefatory notices are generally, though not undeservedly, expressive of contempt for the miserable bard of whom he tosses us a morsel. Nor is this all; the former and the future reader seem to be sneered at, from the implied conjecture, that, as this has pleased so many fools foregoing, it may probably impose on as many admirers in time to come. What value Mr Southey's specimens may contract by the rust of antiquity, or possess an hundred and fifty years from the present time, it is not for hoary-headed reviewers to hope that they shall live to behold. Certain it is, that the editor seems to plume himself on the anticipation, that an extrinsic value of this kind will one day be attached to his Specimens, though composed for the most part of indifferent versification.

Many worthlefs versifyers,' lays Mr Southey, are admitted among the English Poets, by the courtesy of criticism, which seems to conceive that charity towards the dead may cover the multitude of its offences against the living. There were other reasons for admitting here the reprobate as well as the elect. My business was to collect specimens as for a bortus ficcus, not to cull flowers as for an anthology. I wished, indeed, as Mr Ellis has done, to exhibit fpecimens of every writer whose verses appear in a fubftantive form, and find their place on the fhelves of the collector. The tafte of the public may be better estimated from indifferent poets than from good ones. Cleveland and Cowley,

who

who were both more popular than Milton, characterize their age more truly. Fame indeed, is of flow growth. Like the Hebrew language, it has no present tenfe. Popularity has no future one.

It seems to be here directly announced, that the object of this compilation is not to collect a body of valuable poetry, but to afford a key to posterity to judge of the prevailing poetical taste of the British public, from the reign of the Second James to the latter years of our present sovereign George III. Now the present publication, we conceive, with the help of a few others, such as the entire works of Dryden, Thomson, Pope, Akenside, Gray, Cowper, Collins, &c. &c. will enable posterity to guess pretty clearly, that some tolerable verses have been written from the date of the British to that of the French Revolution. But we really think, that by itself, it would scarcely warrant such a conclusion; for so little of the genuine poetry of that interval has been given, that we cannot calculate, without remorse, the vast expense to which the gentle reader of the twentieth century will be put, (in addition to the probably advanced price of Mr Southey's collection), before he can imbue his mind

with

*We quote the laft fentence of this paragraph, lefs for the fake of noticing its grammatical folecifm, which gives Fame and Popularity, two honeft fubftantives, the tenses of a verb; than for remarking the affected difdain of contemporary opinion which it conveys. To say that popularity has no future tenfe, which, if it means any thing, implies that it cannot protract its exiftence, is treating an inoffenfive word with too much contumely. Shakespeare was popular in his own day, and will be popular, we venture to fay, in fpite of this new rule about the future. The affertion that Cowley was more popular in his day than Milton, we do not believe, in the more refpectable sense of the word. If popularity mean the opinion of women and children, or the lower clafs of readers, the novels of the circulating library are at this day more popular than Paradife Loft. But, among good judges, Milton was early and claffically worshipped. He was early tranflated into foreign languages, which Cowley, we believe, never was. At all events, the popularity of Cowley is to be regarded rather as an exception to the rulethat demerit will not be overrated in its own day,-than a confirmation of the contrary. Cleveland was never fo popular as Milton, in his own day, or in any other. The fuppofed neglect of Milton among his contemporaries has been greatly exaggerated. Neither the filence of Dryden, nor the political malignity of Winftanly, prove that the feventeenth century was not deeply fenfible of his excellence, any more than Voltaire's laughing at Paradife Loft in the eighteenth century, proves his being contemned by the moderne

with the best specimens of the modern muse.

If he seek for the

beauties of Otway, he will be forced to draw his purse for a

* The Specimens begin with the following Ode of Otway.

THE POET'S COMPLAINT OF HIS MUSE.

I am a wretch of honeft race,

My parents not obfcure, nor high in titles were;
They left me heir to no difgrace.
My father was (a thing now rare)

Loyal and brave, my mother chafte and fait.
The pledge of marriage vows was only I ;
Alone I lived their much-loved fondled boy.
They gave me generous education; high
They ftrove to raise my mind, and with it
The fages that inftructed me in arts

And knowledge, oft would praife my parts,
And cheer my parents' longing hearts.
When I was called to a difpute,

My fellow pupils oft ftood mute;

Yet never envy did disjoin'

grew

Their hearts from me, or pride diftemper mine.

But, oh a deadly portion came at last!

As I lay loosely on my bed,

their joy

A thousand pleasant thoughts triumphing in my head,
A voice-it feem'd no more-fo bufy I

Was with myself, I faw not who was nigh

Pierc'd through my ears-Arife, thy good Lenander's dead!

It shook my brain, and from their feast my frighted fenfes fleda

From thence fad difcontent, uneasy fears,

And anxious doubts of what I had to do,
Grew with fucceeding years.

The world was wide-but whither fhould I go
To Britain's great Metropolis I hied,
Where fortune's general game is play'd,
Where honefty and wit are often praifed,
But fools and knaves are fortunate and raised.

My forward fpirit prompted me to find
A converfe equal to my mind;

And, by raw judgment easily misled,
As giddy callow boys

Are very fond of toys,

I mifs'd the brave and wife, and, in their ftead,

On every fort of vanity I fed ;

?

Gay coxcombs, cowards, knaves and prating fools,

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