Elements of chemistry: theoretical and practical, Volume 1

Front Cover
J. Wiley, 1867
 

Contents

Application of the Law of Equivalent Proportions
14
Law of Volumes
15
Symbolic Notation
16
viii
18
PAGE 127 1 2
20
12
22
Weights and MeasuresSpecific Gravity
27
English System of Weights and Measures 18 French System of Weights and Measures 19 The Balance
28
Specific Gravity
30
Specific Gravity of Liquids
31
Specific Gravity of Solids
32
The Hydrometer
33
Correction for Weighings taken in Air
34
On some Varieties of Molecular Force
35
AirPump with a Single Barrel
42
The Mercurial Trough
48
Variation in degree of Capillary Action of Liquids
57
Diffusion of LiquidsMode of Measuring
67
Endosmosis and Exosmosis
76
PARAGRAPH PAGE 64 Adhesion of Gases to LiquidsSolubility of Gases
81
33
82
Desiccation of Gases
84
Diffusion of Gases
85
Effusion of Gases
88
Transpiration of Gases
89
Passage of Gases through Diaphragms
92
Separation of Bodies by Cold or Heat
93
Crystallization 94120
94
Modes of obtaining Crystals
95
Separation of Salts by the process of Crystallization
97
Circumstances which modify Crystalline Form
98
Change of Bulk in the Act of Solidification
99
Development of Crystalline Form in Solids
100
Structure of CrystalsCleavage
102
Goniometers
103
Symmetry of Crystalline Form
105
PARAGRAPH
106
Classification of Crystals
107
Isomorphism
112
Chemical Bearings of Isomorphism
114
Isomorphous Groups
115
Dimorphism
116
Allotropy
118
CHAPTER IV
120
Sources of Light
121
Theories of LightUndulations
123
Varieties of SoundQualityPitch
124
Mechanism of Undulation
126
Transparency and Opacity
127
Law of the Diminution of Light by Distance
128
Reflection from Plane Surfaces
129
Reflection from Curved Surfaces
130
Refraction
131
Law of the Sines
132
Refraction at Inclined Surfaces
133
Total Reflection
134
Wollastons Method of ascertaining Refractive Power
135
Prismatic Analysis of Light 187
138
105a Dispersive Power
140
TABLE OF CONTENTS
141
Equilibrium of Temperature
148
Conduction in Solids Liquids and Gases
149
Inequality in the Rate of Conduction in different Directions
150
Convection of Heat
151
Currents in GasesVentilation
152
Trade WindsLand and Seabreezes
153
Gulf Stream
154
Radiation of Heat
155
Reflection of Heat
156
Absorption of Heat
157
Connexion between Absorption and Radiation
158
Formation of Dew
159
Law of Cooling by Radiation
160
Relative Absorbability of different kinds of Heat
161
Transmission of Heat through ScreensDiathermacy
162
Diathermacy of Gases and Vapours
163
Influence of Structure on Diathermacy
164
Refraction of Heat
165
Separation of Radiant Heat from Light
166
Double Refraction and Polarization of Heat
167
Specific Heat
168
Methods of Measuring Specific Heat
169
Coloured Circular Polarization
178
Sources of HeatMechanical Equivalent of Heat
185
Circumstances which influence the Rate of Evaporation
192
Dew Point
193
Daniells Hygrometer
194
Wet Bulb Hygrometer
195
Liquefaction and Solidification of Gases
196
Pressure exerted by Condensed Gases
197
Increase in the Ratio of Dilatation with Rise of Temperature
198
207
207
217
217
218
218
Electrical Hypotheses
227
Electrical Induction
228
Faradays Theory of Induction
229
Distribution of the Electric Charge
230
Electrical Machines
231
Further Illustrations of Induction
232
The Electrophorus
233
Spread of Induction
234
Striking Distance
243
Convection
244
Other Sources of ElectricityHeatFracture
245
Electricity from Chemical Action
246
Freezing Mixtures
247
Atmospheric ElectricityLightning Rods
248
Aurora Borealis
249
Regelation of Ice
251
Evolution of Heat during Solidification
252
Disappearance of Heat during the Formation of Vapour
253
Ebullition
254
Influence of Adhesion on the Boiling Point
256
Influence of Solids in Solution upon the Boiling Point 182 Influence of Pressure on the Boiling Point
258
Measurement of Heights by the Boiling Point
259
High Pressure Steam
260
Production of Cold during Evaporation 186 Measurement of the Latent Heat of Vapours
263
PAGE
267
Economical Applications of Steam 188 Distillation
268
Evaporation
272
Daltons Law of the Tension of Vapours 191 Limit of Evaporation
276
Atomic Relations of Heat Evolved in Chemical Combination 294313 199 The Quantity of Heat developed in Chemical Action is definite
294
Early Experiments 201 Researches of Andrews
296
Researches of Favre and Silbermann
298
Quantities of Heat Evolved during Combustion
299
Determination of the Specific Gravity of Vapours
301
Heat Evolved during Decomposition 206 Combustion of Compounds
302
Indirect Methods of Estimating Calorific Equivalents
303
Mercurial Calorimeter
305
Heat Evolved during Metallic Precipitation
306
Calorific Equivalents of Elements 211 Heat Evolved during the Action of Acids on Bases 212 Heat Absorbed during Solution of Salts
312
PARAGRAPH
313
Electrical Phenomena exhibited by the Torpedo
320
245
357
247
359
Galvanis Discovery
364
251
365
253
366
254
367
256
371
257
372
258
373
260
376
261
377
Protection of Ships Sheathing
380
Circuits with One Metal and Two Liquids
382
263
383
265
387
268
391
Differences between a Simple and a Compound Circuit
393
Ohms Formulæ 271 Chemical Decomposition
397
272
398
PARAGRAPH PAGE 273 Further Application of Ohms Formulæ
399
274
401
276
402
Processes of Voltaic Discharge
404
ConductionConducting Power of Solids
405
Heating Effects in Wires 499
411
Conducting Power of Gases
413
Chemical Actions
418
Relative Decomposability of Electrolytes
422
Electrolysis of Salts
423
Bearing of Electrolysis on the Theory of Salts
425
Unequal Transfer of Ions during Electrolysis
429
Electrovection or Electrical Endosmose
431
Secondary Results of Electrolysis
433
Nascent State of Bodies
436
Theory of the Electrical Origin of Chemical Attraction
437
Electrotype or Voltatype Processes
440
Preparation of Moulds for Electrotyping
441
Heat Evolved during Solution of Gases
443
Electroplating
444
296
445
Resemblances between Static and Voltaic Electricity
446
298
447
299
448
301
450
302
451
303
452
Molecular Movements during the Magnetization of Bars
453
305
454
306
455
Mutual Influence of Wires which are conveying Currents
456
308
458
309
460
SV MagnetoElectricity 465481
465
MagnetoElectric Induction
466
312
468
313
473
Aragos Rotations
476
MagnetoElectric Machines
478
486488
486
Diamagnetism of Gases
492
Mutual Relations of different kinds of Force
499
CHAPTER VI
503
373
506
Influence of Molecular Actions on Magnetism 217 Preparation of Magnets 219 Measurement of the Magnetic Intensity of a Bar 221 Declination or ...
507
ElectroscopesCoulombsPeltiers Electrometer
509
390
510
315 317 318 319 319
511
326
513
395
515

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