Sugar Growing and Refining: A Comprehensive Treatise on the Culture of Sugar Yielding Plants, and the Manufacturing, Refining, and Analysis of Cane, Beet, Maple, Melon, Milk, Palm, Sorghum, and Starch Sugars; with Copious Statistics of Their Production and Commerce, and a Chapter on the Distillation of RumE. & F.N. Spon, 1882 - 752 pages |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
acre alcohol alumina amount analysis apparatus average beet beetroot begass boiler boiling bottom cane sugar cane-juice carbonic acid cent centrifugal char charcoal clarifiers colour condensed containing copper crop crystallizable sugar crystals cultivation cylinder defecation density dextrine diameter diffusor diluted distillation drains evaporating exports extracted factory feet fermentation filter furnace gallons of juice glucose heat impurities inches juice kilogrammes labour lime liquid liquor manufacture manure masse-cuite matter milk of lime mill molasses obtained passing piculs pipe placed plant planters polariscope potash present produced proportion pulp pump quantity ratoons raw sugar refined removed rollers roots rotation saccharine salts scum seed shaft side slices soil solution sorghum specific gravity starch sugar steam sucrate sufficient sugar-cane sulphate sulphuric acid surface syrup tank temperature tion tons Total trees tube uncrystallizable Unrefined vacuum-pan vapours vessel washing weight yield
Popular passages
Page 522 - And they placed them on the heavenly tablets, each had thirteen weeks; from one to another (passed) their memorial, from the first to the second, and from the second to the third, and from the third to the fourth.
Page 573 - AND NOUEL'S PYROMETRIC TELESCOPE." In this instrument an attempt is made to control temperatures by taking advantage of the rotation of the plane of polarization of light passing through a quartz plate cut perpendicular to its axis. The angle of rotation is directly proportional to the thickness of the quartz, and approximately inversely proportional to the square of the wave length.
Page 309 - Speaking generally, good beetroots in average seasons seldom exceed 2^ Ib. in weight. 5. Good sugar-beets show no tendency to become necky, and their tops are always smaller than those of inferior beets. Corenwinder has shown that beets with large leaves are generally richer than those with small leaves, and he prefers the former for seed. 6. Good beetroots are considerably denser than water, and rapidly sink to the bottom of a vessel filled with water. The specific gravity of the roots affords a...
Page 44 - They serve two contiguous estates, and prevent the influx of water from the sides. Thus the very long rectangular strip of land is surrounded with dams, which, when kept free from bush, answer the purpose of a road round the estate ; but the produce is brought to the buildings (often situated in front) by canals. In fact, water transport of produce is universal. The arrangement of the navigation system is very simple. From front to back, through the centre of the estate, there runs a dam called the...
Page 282 - ... concrete state. The mass is removed as fast as formed, and being plastic while warm, it can be cast into blocks of any convenient shape and size, hardening as it cools. In this state, it can be shipped in bags or matting wrappers, suffering neither deliquescence nor drainage. The cost of an apparatus capable of making 10 cwt.
Page 284 - The cylinder is full of scroll-shaped plates of iron, over both sides of which the thickened syrup flows as the cylinder revolves, and thus exposes a very large surface to the action of hot air, which is drawn through it by means of a fan G. Motion is given to the whole apparatus by means of a small engine.
Page 727 - ... left to cool gradually. The capacity of the rectifying apparatus has a good deal of influence upon both the quantity and the quality of the spirit obtained. Besides being much more difficult to manage, a small apparatus will not yield so large a proportion of spirit as a more capacious one ; nor will its products be of equally good flavour. The proportion of alcohol which may be obtained from a successful rectification is very variable ; it depends upon the nature of the spirit rectified, the...
Page 2 - ... and at length entirely superseded it throughout the island. Wray entertains a suspicion that it is in reality no other than the Tibboo Leeut of Singapore (generally called the Otaheite cane), somewhat altered by change of soil and climate. 2. The Otaheite canes are two ; the yellow or strawcoloured, and the purple-striped or ribbon. The former and the Bourbon are so much alike in all respects, and have become so intermixed on West Indian estates, that it is a matter of great difficulty to distinguish...
Page 708 - Adam-s arrangement fulfilled therefore, the two conditions necessary for the production of strong spirit inexpensively ; but unfortunately it had also serious defects. The temperature of the egg could not be maintained at a constant standard, and the bubbling of the vapours through the liquor inside created too high a pressure. It was, however, a source of great profit to its inventor for a long period, although it gave rise to many imitations and improvements of greater or less merit. Among these...
Page 196 - For many years, planters contented themselves with ordiFIG. 63. nary force-pumps, worked from the mill ; but these possessed many disadvantages, among which might be included their limited capacity, the churning of the liquid and consequent admixture of air, and the contamination of the liquid with the grease used in their lubrication. Gradually the monte-jus (or "juice-raiser") began to be copied from the French manufacturers. This useful apparatus is made in many forms, one of which is shown in...