The Phase Rule and Its ApplicationsLongmans, Green, and Company, 1904 - 313 pages |
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acetic acid ammonium anhydrous salt Annalen astracanite atoms behaviour bivariant calcium carbon carnallite Chem chemical components composition compound concentration containing cryohydric point crystalline decahydrate decomposition definite deposited diagram dissociation dissolved double salt eutectic point example exist formation freezing point curve fusion curve gases given temperature heat heptahydrate heterogeneous homogeneous hydrate hydrogen increase of pressure iodine iodine monochloride isomeric isothermal latter liquid phase lower magnesium melting point metastable miscible mixed crystals mixture molecular molecules monoclinic monoclinic sulphur nitrate nitrile obtained occurs pass perature Phase Rule phases present phenol physikal potassium chloride pure racemic represented rhombic rise of temperature Roozeboom salt-pair saturated solution single salts sodium sulphate solid phase solid solution solubility curve solvent stable form substances supercooled take place temperature ternary tion transformation transition point triple point ture undergo univariant system van't Hoff vapour phase vapour pressure velocity volume Zeitschr
Popular passages
Page 176 - In the first case, these perturbations are ranged under the wide and somewhat vague category of " variations "; in the second, they are called lesions, states of poisoning, or diseases; and, as morbid states, they lie within the province of pathology. No sharp line of demarcation can be drawn between the two classes of phenomena. No one can say where anatomical variations end and tumours begin, nor where modification of function, which may at first promote health, passes into disease.
Page 6 - However, it was not until the last quarter of the nineteenth century that the telegraph became an institution of communication genuinely used by the mass of the population.
Page xxv - Cavendish, namely, that, as nearly as possible, two volumes of hydrogen combine with one volume of oxygen to form water, the gases having been measured at the same temperature and pressure.
Page 53 - ... organic compounds are relatively low. In homologous series, they are related to the molecular weights of the compounds. Effects of Pressure. The freezing point rises as the pressure is increased. The only exceptions to this rule are water and the elements bismuth and gallium. For these three substances the specific volume of the solid is greater than that of the liquid at the melting point. However, at very high pressures, because much denser crystalline forms of ice occur that have lower specific...
Page i - THE PHASE RULE AND ITS APPLICATIONS. By ALEX. FINDLAY, MA, Ph.D., D.Sc., Lecturer and Demonstrator in Chemistry, University of Birmingham. With 134 Figures in the Text.
Page xxv - Prout's hypothesis was a just one ; but it was completely disproved by his own subsequent work, as well as by that of numerous other observers. It is, nevertheless, curious that a much larger proportion of the atomic weights approximate to whole numbers than would be foretold by the doctrine of chances ; and perhaps the last has not been heard of Prout's hypothesis, although in its original crude form it is no longer worthy of credence.
Page 11 - As the components of a system there are to be chosen the smallest number of independently variable constituents by means of which the composition of each phase participating in the state of equilibrium can be expressed in the form of a chemical equation.
Page xxiv - ... expeditiously by heating the substance, mixed with chlorate of potassium and sodium chloride, and then estimating the hydrogen a,s well as the carbon. This process was afterwards perfected by Liebig. Berzelius, however, was able to show that compounds of carbon, like those of other elements, were instances of combination in constant and multiple proportions. In 1815 two papers were published in the Annals of Philosophy by Dr. Prout which have had much influence on the progress of chemistry. They...
Page 11 - ... the components of a system there are to be chosen the SMALLEST NUMBER of independently variable constituents by means of which the composition of each phase participating in the state of equilibrium can be expressed in the form of a chemical equation.
Page 15 - A system consisting of n components can exist in n -\- 2 phases only when the temperature, pressure, and concentration have fixed and definite values; if there are n components in n + 1 phases, equilibrium can exist while one of the factors varies, and if there are only n phases, two of the varying factors may be arbitrarily fixed. This rule, the application of which, it is hoped, will become clear in the sequel, may be very concisely and conveniently summarized in the form of the equation...