The Rise and Development of the Liquefaction of GasesMacmillan, 1899 - 250 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
200 atmospheres allowed to expand ammonia Andrews apparatus employed argon atmos boiling point Boyle's law carbon monoxide Chem Chim chlorine Colorless compressed Compt condensed condition contained cooled copper tube critical constants critical point critical pressure critical temperature cubic centimetres curves cylinder density Dewar equation ether expansion experimenters Faraday fluid fluorine freezing glass tube heat high pressures liquefaction of air liquefaction of gases liquefaction of oxygen liquefied gases liquefying tube liquid air liquid carbonic acid liquid ethylene liquid hydrogen liquid oxygen low temperatures lower end lowering the temperature matter means meniscus mercury method mixture molecules nitrogen nitrous oxide Olszewski perature pheres Phil Phys Proc pump quantity reduced pressure refrigerant rend represents says series of experiments shown in figure similar solid carbonic acid solidified subjected substance sulphurous acid tained tempera temperature obtained thermometer Thilorier tion ture vapor vessel Waals Wroblewski
Popular passages
Page 70 - On partially liquefying carbonic acid by pressure alone, and gradually raising at the same time the temperature to 88° Fahr., the surface of demarcation between the liquid and gas became fainter, lost its curvature, and at last disappeared. The space was then occupied by a homogeneous fluid, which exhibited, when the pressure was suddenly diminished or the temperature slightly lowered, a peculiar appearance of moving or flickering striae throughout its entire mass.
Page 94 - The ordinary gaseous and ordinary liquid states are, in short, only widely separated forms of the same condition of matter, and may be made to pass into one another by a series of gradations so gentle that the passage shall nowhere present any interruption or breach of continuity.
Page 8 - There can scarcely be a doubt entertained respecting the reducibility of all elastic fluids of whatever kind into liquids; and -we ought not to despair of effecting it in low temperatures, and by strong pressure exerted upon the unmixed gases.
Page 78 - In this process its volume will steadily diminish as the pressure augments, and no sudden diminution of volume, without the application of external pressure will occur at any stage of it. When the full pressure has been applied, let the temperature be allowed to fall till the carbonic acid has reached the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere.
Page 70 - ... its curvature, and at last disappeared. The space was then occupied by a homogeneous fluid, which exhibited, when the pressure was suddenly diminished or the temperature slightly lowered, a peculiar appearance of moving or flickering striae throughout its entire mass. At temperatures above 88°, no apparent liquefaction of carbonic acid or separation into two distinct forms of matter could be effected, even when- a pressure of 300 or 400 atmospheres was applied. Nitrous oxide gave analogous results...
Page 83 - ... smaller volume, and of the carbonic acid not yet altered. There is no difficulty here, therefore, in distinguishing between the liquid and the gas. But in other cases the distinction cannot be made ; and under many of the conditions I have described it would be vain to attempt to assign carbonic acid to the liquid rather than the gaseous state.
Page 43 - Thilorier, have left a constant desire on my mind to renew the investigation. This, with considerations arising out of the apparent simplicity and unity of the molecular constitution of all bodies when in the gaseous or vaporous state, which may be expected, according to the indications given by the experiments of M. Cagniard...
Page 53 - M. CAGNIARD DE LA TOUR has shown that at a certain temperature, a liquid, under sufficient pressure, becomes clear transparent vapour or gas, having the same bulk as the liquid. At this temperature, or one a little higher, it is not likely that any increase of pressure, except perhaps one exceedingly great, would convert the gas into a liquid. Now the temperature of...
Page 21 - On filing off the end of the tube, its contents exploded and the oily matter vanished. Early next morning, Dr. Paris received the following note: Dear Sir — The oil you noticed yesterday turns out to be liquid chlorine.