nected with its erection; the said steam boiler to be for the purposes of lessening the consumption of fuel, the appearance of smoke, and the trouble of attendance. Dated November 12, 1818.

RICHARD WRIGHT, of Token House-yard, London; for certain improvements in the construction of steamengines, and the subsequent use of steam. Dated November 14, 1818.

HENRY MATTHEWS, of Gretton Place East, Bethnal Green, Middlesex, Gentleman; for certain improvements applicable to wheeled carriages, or vehicles of different descriptions, calculated to render them more safe and commodious. Dated November 19, 1818.

GEORGE CLYMER, late of Philadelphia, America, but now of Cornhill, London, Merchant; for certain improvements on ships pumps. Dated Novembet 21, 1818. .

JOHN CHANCELLOR, of Saville-street, Dublin, Watchmaker; for an improvement for turning the leaves of music books in a simple and effective manner, with or without pedal work attached. Dated November 21, 1818.

Specification of the Patent granted to SAMUEL AMBROSE, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Ironmonger; for a Pump of a particular Sort, which is worked by a Roll or Sheave, placed in an Aperture in the Spear thereof, by which Means the said Spear is kept in a Direction perpendicular to the Chamber in the simplest Manner possible; and for constructing Leavers suitable for large or small Bores, in such Manner that the said Pump may be worked either single or double handed with the greatest ease; and for constructing Brass Pistons and Buckets, in such a particular Manner that the Fluid will ascend to the Chamber, and may be drawn up with the greatest Facility; all of which is so managed as to become of great Utility. Dated May 5, 1769.

With an Engraving.

To O all to whom these presents shall come, &c. Now KNOW YE, that I the said Samuel Ambrose, in compliance with the said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of the aforesaid invention, and declare that the plan thereof, hereunto annexed, is composed of the following particulars; that is to say : VOL. XXXIV.-SECOND SERIES.

K

Fig.

Fig. 1, (Plate III.) the piston, which is made of brass, with part of the rod or spear, which is dovetailed, and rivetted on the outside, at a and b. For this purpose the metal is thicker in two opposite parts of the inside circumference, as appears by Fig. 4. At the lower end of the piston is a brass ring, which screws on, to secure the leather.

Fig. 2, the outside leather of the piston, which is cut circular, of a proper form to fit it, and sewed in the side with strong shoemakers thread. On the lower part of the leather, when thus formed, a brass hoop is fitted, so, as to leave about three-eighths of an inch of leather clear below the bottom of it; on which part a strong slip of leather, of the same width, is sewed with the same sort of thread. The leather being thus prepared, and fitted upon the piston with the brass hoop, will be effectually secured when the ring is screwed up to it.

Fig. 3, the leathers for the valves of the piston and bucket, which differ in nothing but their dimensions. The brass plates for them are secured by rivets and burs, or by nuts and screws, represented by the dots, all of brass the small dots in the middle represent brass pins, which go through the leather into a bar, which supports it underneath.

Fig. 4, the top of the piston (which is the same as the bucket with respect to the valves); in the middle is a brass bar, which is let in, and dovetailed, to support the leather of the valves: the dots in this bar represent the holes for the brass pins to go through. The leather being prepared as above, and placed on the piston and bucket, are secured by brass bars, placed over the middle pins which bars going through oblong holes in the staple parts or cheeks of the rod or spear, and of the handle of the bucket, are secured by pieces of lead,

formed

formed near the size wanted to fill up the vacancy at top, and rivetted.

1

Fig. 5, the hand pump, with its rod, break-iron, and handle. The break-iron a b is made open from the ear of the pump to the end; the open part of the rod, with a brass sheave or wheel, is placed within it, and secured with a screw bolt and nut. This open part of the rod is a figure, consisting of two semi-circles, (one of which is at each end of it,) and a right-angled parallelogram. The semi-circles must be full the dimensions of the sheave, and the perpendicular side of the parallelogram must be equal to the diameter of those semi-circles; the other side must be equal to the versed sine of the arch of a circle, whose radius is the distance from the centre of the bolt in the pump ear to the centre of the sheave in the break-iron, and the chord of which arch st is the length of the greatest stroke that is intended to be made by the piston. The handle be has an iron start drove into it, which is let into a socket at b, and fastened with a forelock. The upper part of the rod is kept in a true direction by two friction wheels, fixed in the top of an iron bracket, which is fastened to the ears of the pump with screw bolts and nuts. It is evident by the draft that the centre of the sheave in its passage from t to s will always be in the circumference of the circle described on the above radius; therefore, if the opening in the rod is made so much longer than the diameter of the sheave, as is the versed sine of the arch sy t, the rod may be worked exactly in the centre of the chamber, by means of the direct and retrogade motion of the sheave, in the simplest manner, and with the least friction possible. The great pumps, which may require a greater or smaller number of men to work them, in proportion to the diameters of the chambers, are constructed upon the same principles,

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and

and have each two pistons, one ascending and one descending continually. The leaver is supported in the middle by a strong wooden stanchion, within which brass cogs are fixed for the centre pin to work in, and a cross bar at top, with friction wheels or brass cogs, to regulate the working of the rods or spears, in which are openings for brass sheaves to work in the leaver as in the break iron of the hand pump: the leaver has two sockets, at the most convenient distance from the centre, for fixing in the arms. The rods are often made with joints below the open part, for the conveniency of taking them to pieces more readily.

In witness whereof, &c.

Specification of the Patent granted to THOMAS CALDERBANK, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Plumber; for certain Improvements in the working of Pumps and other Machinery. Dated January 23, 1818.

With an Engraving.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c. NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said Thomas Calderbank do hereby declare that the nature of my said invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained in and by the drawings hereunto annexed, and the following description thereof; that is to say: My improvement consists in the invention of a friction roller or rollers, which may be easily applied upon the neck or necks of a crank or cranks, for more effectually working a pump or pumps, as will more fully appear from the drawings; in which Fig. 1, (Plate III.) ́is an elevation of four pumps, with the friction rollers attached