...vol. i., Sir W. Thomson's Mathematical and Phyiical Papers. an axiom in the following terms : — " It is impossible, by means of inanimate material agency,...by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects. If this axiom be denied for all temperatures, it would have to be admitted...

...pass from a colder to a warmer body " (Clausius). The equivalent statement by Lord Kelvin is that " it is impossible by means of inanimate material agency...by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of surrounding objects." In making these statements it must be remembered that they apply only to the...

...by Lord Kelvin is that "it is impossi by means of inanimate material agency to derive mechanical ei from any portion of matter by cooling it below the temperature of coldest of surrounding objects." In making these statements it must be remembered that t apply only...

...ever to expand, never to concentrate. Sir W. Thomson expresses this axiom in the following terms: — "It is impossible by means of inanimate material agency...by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects." The reviewer has, further, succeeded in demonstrating that the peculiar...

...from one body to another at a higher temperature.' " Thomson gives it a slightly different form : " ' It is impossible, by means of inanimate material agency,...by cooling it below the temperature of the, coldest of surrounding objects.'" The last quotation may be found in Phil. Mag., 1852, IV. ; Thomson's Mathematical...

...is a practical deduction from the socalled Second Law of Thermodynamics; 1 viz., " It is impossible to derive mechanical effect from any portion of matter by cooling it below the temperature of the coolest surrounding objects." The ratio of the heat converted into work and the entire heat employed...

...from one body to another at a higher temperature." Lord Kelvin gives it in a slightly different form : "It is impossible, by means of inanimate material...by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects." These statements apply only to the performance of engines working in a...

...at the lower temperature, which is in conradiction to the second law of thermo-dynainics, viz. : " It is impossible, by means of inanimate material agency,...from any portion of matter by cooling it below the temwrature of the coldest of surrounding objects." We are thus forced to the conclusion that when the...

...reasoning is based (without knowing the words of Carnot quoted above) into the following words : 2 "It is impossible by means of inanimate material agency...by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects." He saw at once, when adopting Joule's doctrine of the convertibility of...

...stated the law in the following form : — " It is impossible by means of inanimate material energy to derive mechanical effect from any portion of matter...by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects." It will be noticed that in the argument as to the perfect efficiency of...